FIGURE 7.

Venous occlusion and BPC 157 therapy. Given BPC 157 (as an abdominal bath) immediately before venography, at a particular point, venography demonstrated a rapid recruitment of the collaterals to bypass occlusion and reestablish blood flow. In the rats with infrarenally occluded inferior caval vein, venography in the inferior caval vein below the ligation shows that the left ovarian vein is rapidly presented as the major pathway. The other veins (such as epigastric veins, intercostal veins, mammary veins, iliolumbar veins, paraumbilical vein, azygos vein, and right ovarian vein) accordingly appear in BPC 157 rats (B), unlike in controls (C). Together, this means rapidly activated efficient compensatory pathways and the ligation-stop at the inferior caval vein efficiently bypassed (Vukojevic et al., 2018). Both kidneys and canal systems and confluence of the inferior caval vein to the right heart demonstrated that redistribution of otherwise trapped blood volume was rapidly achieved (Vukojevic et al., 2018). In the rats with occluded superior mesenteric vein, occlusion was made at the end of the superior mesenteric vein. Venography in superior mesenteric vein below the ligation shows that bypassing through inferior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein and superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein to the pyloric vein toward the portal vein rapidly occurs in BPC 157 rats (b), unlike failed bypassing presentation in controls with occluded superior mesenteric vein (c).