Figure 3.

Hepatic APPL2 deficiency promotes insulin and adiponectin signaling. A: Insulin signaling in liver tissue of APPL2^HepKO or Loxp mice. Bar graphs represent the ratios of insulin-stimulated phosphorylation (p-) to the levels of total proteins. B: Adiponectin signaling in the primary hepatocytes. Isolated primary hepatocytes were treated with 10 μmol/L or 50 μmol/L AdipoRon at indicated times. C: Adiponectin (Ad) signaling in primary hepatocytes overexpressing APPL2 protein. APPL2 was overexpressed in wild-type primary hepatocytes by infection of the cells with adenovirus encoding GFP or GFP plus APPL2 for 24 h. After 2 h serum starvation, full-length adiponectin (5 μg/mL) was used to treat the cells for 15 min. All results are presented as mean ± SD, and P values were calculated with use of Student t test (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01).