. 2021 Mar 5;70(6):1404–1413. doi: 10.2337/db20-1167

Table 3.

Associations between GrimAge measurements at Y15–Y20 and incident T2D during Y15–Y25 by BMI status at Y15

	Normal weight at Y15 (BMI <25 kg/m², N = 345)	Overweight at Y15 (BMI 25–30 kg/m², N = 394)	With obesity at Y15 (BMI ≥30 kg/m², N = 318)	P_interaction
Model 1: diabetes vs. prediabetes and normal glucose
Chronological age	1.28 (1.05–1.57)^*	1.06 (0.92–1.22)	1.04 (0.95–1.14)	0.29
GrimAge^†	1.09 (0.98–1.20)	1.04 (0.98–1.10)	1.06 (1.01–1.11)^*	0.19
GrimAA^†	1.02 (0.89–1.16)	1.04 (0.97–1.10)	1.08 (1.00–1.15)^*	0.30
Positive GrimAA	2.12 (0.58–7.72)	0.79 (0.44–1.43)	2.57 (1.61–4.11)^***	0.94
Positive 5yr GrimAA	0.58 (0.17–1.94)	0.42 (0.14–1.27)	1.83 (1.17–2.85)^***	<0.01
Model 2: diabetes vs. normal glucose (prediabetes excluded)
Chronological age	1.40 (1.11–1.76)^**	1.06 (0.91–1.24)	1.14 (1.03–1.27)^*	0.29
GrimAge	1.09 (0.98–1.20)	1.03 (0.96–1.10)	1.08 (1.03–1.14)^**	0.58
GrimAA	1.00 (0.88–1.14)	1.02 (0.95–1.11)	1.05 (0.98–1.13)	0.38
Positive GrimAA	2.14 (0.56–8.24)	0.63 (0.32–1.48)	2.49 (1.44–4.31)^**	0.94
Positive 5yr GrimAA	0.46 (0.13–1.56)	0.38 (0.10–0.89)^*	2.35 (1.40–3.94)^**	<0.01
Model 3: hyperglycemia (diabetes or prediabetes) vs. normal glucose
Chronological age	1.15 (1.08–1.22)^**	1.06 (1.00–1.13)	1.17 (1.09–1.26)^***	0.09
GrimAge	1.07 (1.02–1.11)^**	1.03 (0.99–1.06)	1.06 (1.02–1.10)^**	0.72
GrimAA	1.03 (0.98–1.08)	1.03 (0.98–1.07)	1.00 (0.95–1.05)	0.29
Positive GrimAA	2.15 (1.35–3.42)^**	0.94 (0.66–1.35)	1.15 (0.80–1.67)	0.04
Positive 5yr GrimAA	1.20 (0.82–1.76)	1.05 (0.77–1.43)	1.90 (1.31–2.76)^***	0.08

Data are OR (95% CI). Models are adjusted for race, sex, education, smoking status, physical activity, alcohol drinking, and field center.

^†

For GrimAge and GrimAA, the ORs and 95% CIs were calculated based on 1-year increase of each measurement.

P < 0.05;

^**

P < 0.01;

^***

P < 0.001.