Table 1.
Description of the variables for participants with metabolic syndrome and without it by gender in both groups
| Parameters | All Participants | Participants with metabolic syndrome | Participants without metabolic syndrome | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Participants | with metabolic syndrome | without metabolic syndrome | P-value | Female n = 292 |
Male n = 239 |
P-value | Female n = 1094 |
Male n = 659 | P-value | ||
| Age year | 43.7(8.6) | 47.7(8.2) | 42.5(8.4) | < 0.001* | 48.0 (7.6) | 47.3 (8.9) | 0.291 | 41.8 (8.0) | 43.6 (8.9) | < 0.001* | |
| Height cm | 165.1(9.0) | 165.2(9.8) | 165.1(8.8) | 0.861 | 158.4 (5.9) | 173.6 (6.6) | < 0.001* | 160.1 (5.5) | 173.4 (6.7) | < 0.001* | |
| Weight kg | 73.5(14.5) | 81.8(15.0) | 70.9(13.4) | < 0.001* | 74.5 (11.8) | 90.9 (13.4) | < 0.001* | 65.3 (10.4) | 80.2 (12.6) | < 0.001* | |
| BMI kg/m2 | 26.9(4.3) | 29.9(4.2) | 25.9(3.9) | < 0.001* | 29.7 (4.5) | 30.1 (3.8) | 0.142 | 25.5 (3.9) | 26.7 (3.7) | < 0.001* | |
| Waist circumference cm | 35.5(4.1) | 97.8(10.3) | 86.8(10.7) | < 0.001* | 93.1 (9.6) | 103.7 (7.9) | < 0.001* | 82.6(9.5) | 93.8(8.9) | < 0.001* | |
| Neck circumference cm | 89.3(11.6) | 39.1(4.0) | 34.9(3.8) | < 0.001* | 35.7 (1.6) | 42.4 (2.4) | < 0.001* | 32.5(2.1) | 39.2(2.1) | < 0.001* | |
| WHtR | 0.54(0.1) | 0.59(0.1) | 0.53(0.1) | < 0.001* | 0.59 (0.1) | 0.6 (0.05) | 0.002* | 0.52(0.1) | 0.54(0.05) | < 0.001* | |
| FBS mg/dL | 87.0(19.8) | 96.2(29.2) | 84.2(14.8) | < 0.001* | 94.9 (28.6) | 97.8 (30.0) | 0.059 | 82.1(8.7) | 87.7(20.9) | < 0.001* | |
| TG mg/dL | 120.4(64.6) | 161.6(83.0) | 108.0(51.9) | < 0.001* | 144.5 (56.7) | 182.4 (103.0) | < 0.001* | 94.2(37.8) | 130.9(62.9) | < 0.001* | |
| HDL mg/dL | 45.9(11.1) | 42.7(12.8) | 46.9(10.3) | < 0.001* | 44.7 (15.4) | 40.2 (8.1) | < 0.001* | 48.5(10.9) | 44.3(8.8) | < 0.001* | |
| DBP mmHg | 75.6(8.9) | 79.9(9.2) | 74.3(8.3) | < 0.001* | 78.4 (8.2) | 81.6 (10.0) | < 0.001* | 72.9(8.0) | 76.8(8.3) | < 0.001* | |
| SBP mmHg | 114.4(13.8) | 122.4(14.9) | 111.9(12.4) | < 0.001* | 119.3 (13.8) | 126.3 (15.3) | < 0.001* | 108.6(11.2) | 117.5(12.3) | < 0.001* | |
| Fat Mass kg | 19.9(7.4) | 24.2(7.4) | 18.6 (6.8) | < 0.001* | 25.3 (6.9) | 22.8 (7.8) | < 0.001* | 19.8(6.4) | 16.7(7.0) | < 0.001* | |
| Fat Mass % | 27.1(7.3) | 29.8(6.5) | 26.3(7.3) | < 0.001* | 33.9 (4.6) | 24.8 (4.9) | < 0.001* | 29.9(5.5) | 20.3(5.8) | < 0.001* | |
| Fat Free Mass kg | 52.9(11.0) | 56.9(11.5) | 51.6(10.5) | < 0.001* | 48.4 (5.9) | 67.4 (7.4) | < 0.001* | 44.9(4.9) | 63.0(7.3) | < 0.001* | |
| Visceral Fat | 6.7(3.5) | 9.0(3.5) | 6.0(3.1) | < 0.001* | 7.2 (2.4) | 11.2 (3.4) | < 0.001* | 4.8(2.3) | 8.1(3.4) | < 0.001* | |
| Muscle Mass kg | 40.5(9.1) | 45.0(6.7) | 39.0(9.3) | < 0.001* | 46.5 (6.6) | 43.4 (6.6) | < 0.001* | 39.7(9.1) | 38.1(9.5) | < 0.001* | |
| Bone mass | 2.7(0.5) | 2.8(0.5) | 2.6(0.5) | < 0.001* | 2.4 (0.3) | 3.3 (0.3) | < 0.001* | 2.3(0.2) | 3.1(0.3) | < 0.001* | |
| TBW | 37.8(8.0) | 40.6(8.5) | 36.9(7.6) | < 0.001* | 34.5 (4.3) | 48.3 (6.0) | < 0.001* | 32.1(3.5) | 45.0(5.4) | < 0.001* | |
| ICW | 21.9(5.3) | 23.4(5.8) | 21.4(5.0) | < 0.001* | 19.3 (2.5) | 28.6 (4.5) | < 0.001* | 18.3(2.1) | 26.8(3.9) | < 0.001* | |
| ECW | 15.9(2.9) | 17.2(2.9) | 15.4(2.7) | < 0.001* | 15.2 (2.0) | 19.7 (1.9) | < 0.001* | 13.8(1.7) | 18.3(1.8) | < 0.001* | |
| Fat to muscle ratio | 0.51(0.2) | 0.5(0.1) | 0.49(0.2) | < 0.001* | 0.55 (0.1) | 0.53 (0.1) | 0.006* | 0.52(0.2) | 0.46(0.2) | < 0.001* | |
| Current Smoker n(%) | 272(11.9) | 62(11.7) | 210(12) | 0.939 | 14 (4.8) | 48 (20.1) | < 0.001* | 36(3.3) | 174(26.4) | < 0.001* | |
| Physical activity n(%) | low | 1533(67.1) | 340 (64.0) | 1193(68.0) | 0.087 | 214 (73.3) | 126 (52.7) | < 0.001* | 802(73.2) | 391(59.3) | < 0.001* |
| mod | 522(22.8) | 140 (26.4) | 382(21.8) | 65 (22.3) | 75 (31.4) | 216(19.7) | 166(25.2) | ||||
| Vig | 231(10.1) | 51 (9.6) | 180(10.3) | 13 (4.5) | 38 (15.9) | 78(7.1) | 102(15.5) | ||||
BMI Body Mass Index, WHtR Waist-to-Height Ratio, FBS Fasting blood sugar, TG Triglyceride, HDL High-Density Lipoproteins, DBP Diastolic Blood Pressure, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, TBW Total Body Water, ICW Intracellular water, ECW Extracellular water
*P–V < 0.05. For univariate analysis, we used the chi-square test for association between two qualitative variables. Also, for the association between qualitative and quantitative variables, independent t-test, analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U test, Wilcoxon, and Kruskal–Wallis were used based on the type and normality of variable