Table 3.

Relative expression of superoxide dismutase isoforms (Cu/Zn Sod, Mn Sod, and EC Sod), glutathione peroxidase 1 and 4 (Gpx1, Gpx4), and catalase (Cat) genes in male aortas. Results are presented as relative expression of gene normalized to hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase as a reference gene and summarized as arithmetic mean ± SD (two-way ANOVA)

Male aortas	Cu/Zn Sod*	MnSod†	EC-Sod‡	Gpx1§	Gpx4‖‖	Cat¶
Control	0.57 ± 0.62 (N = 5)	0.10 ± 0.09 (N = 5)	0.72 ± 0.80 (N = 4)	0.91 ± 0.65 (N = 5)	0.76 ± 0.53 (N = 6)	1.22 ± 0.67 (N = 5)
Carbohydrate- and fat-rich diet (HSHFD)	0.34 ± 0.23 (N = 6)	0.08 ± 0.04 (N = 5)	0.37 ± 0.27 (N = 5)	0.21 ± 0.24†† (N = 5)	0.56 ± 0.49 (N = 6)	0.56 ± 0.36 (N = 4)
HSHFD+metformin	0.69 ± 0.61 (N = 7)	0.10 ± 0.12 (N = 7)	0.08 ± 0.06** (N = 7)	0.33 ± 0.47†† (N = 7)	0.31 ± 0.25 (N = 8)	0.56 ± 0.48 (N = 7)
HSHFD+liraglutide	0.55 ± 0.37 (N = 7)	0.21 ± 0.24 (N = 6)	0.49 ± 0.57 (N = 5)	0.62 ± 0.78 (N = 5)	0.92 ± 0.84‡‡ (N = 6)	0.97 ± 0.93 (N = 5)

*Cu/Zn Sod (p=0.1026, F=2.22).

†MnSod (P = 0.7179, F = 0.4513).

‡EC-Sod (P = 0.2289, F = 1.512).

§Gpx1 (P = 0.2512, F = 1.426).

‖‖Gpx4 (P = 0.5166, F = 07716).

¶Cat (P < 0.0001, F = 78.42).

**HSHFD+metformin vs control (EC-Sod P < 0.05), Bonferroni post hoc test, P < 0.05.

^††HSHFD+metformin, HSHFD vs control (Gpx1 P < 0.05), Bonferroni post hoc test, P < 0.05.

^‡‡HSHFD+metformin vs HSHFD+liraglutide (Gpx4 P < 0.05), Bonferroni post hoc test, P < 0.05.