Table 4.
Overview of discussed phenotypes.
| Phenotypes (in our cohort) | In our cohort | Comments/Literature* |
|---|---|---|
| Sleep history (light sleeper) | 48% | Relatively new aspect (14) |
| Daytime sleep (not possible) | 34% | Relatively new aspect (15) |
| Alternative treatment (positive effect) | 51% | Relatively new aspect (9) |
| Alcohol (positive effect) | 26% (40% with sleep onset, 11% with sleep maintenance) | Relatively new aspect (16) |
| Insomnia onset (SMI symptoms) | 66% | Relatively new aspect (16) |
| Symptom stability (EMA symptoms increase) | From 40 to 45% | Relatively new aspect (17) |
| Family history with insomnia (yes) | 43% | (18–21) |
| Trigger (yes) | 43% | (22–24) |
| Progression of insomnia (negative) | 41% | (25–29) |
| Sleeping in different environments (better) | 54% | (30, 31) |
| Other Phenotypes (not recorded in our cohort) | Comments/Literature | |
| Life history (including trauma and life events) as trigger, Comorbidities (other sleep disorders, depression, anxiety, etc.), Chronotype, Mood, Quality of life, Personality, Sensitivity, Dysfunctional beliefs, Emotion regulation, and more | (32) (mentioned 17 characteristics to be asked during anamnesis, a complete list is mentioned in the discussion) | |
| Non-sleep phenotypes (e.g., life history, mood, personality, etc.) | (11) | |
| Biomarkers of EEG, pulse rate, heart rate variability, etc. | (33, 34) | |
| Age at onset, Time to see a specialist, Frequent nocturnal awakenings, Type of insomnia onset (suddenly vs. slowly) | (35, 36) (Sleep Condition Indicator) |
SOI, Sleep onset insomnia; SMI, sleep maintenance insomnia; EEG, electroencephalogram.
*
The literature mentioned is not the result of a systematic review analysis. However, phenotypes with only one literature mentioned indicate that there are only few literature to be found. n/a, not applicable as not recorded in our cohort.