Table 1.
Modulatory function of gut microbiome in ICIs therapy.
| Bacteria | Model | Treatment | Cancer | Modulatory function in ICI therapy | Author/Year | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bifidobacterium | Mouse | PD-L1 blockade | Melanoma | a) Improve antitumor immunity | Ayelet Sivan 2015 | (18) |
| b) Enhancing dendritic cell function | ||||||
| c) Enhancing local anti-CD47 immunotherapy in tumor | ||||||
| Bifidobacterium pseudolongum | Mouse | Immune checkpoint blockade | CRC | Increasing metabolite inosine production | Lukas F. Mager 2020 | (68) |
| Lactobacillus johnsonii | ||||||
| Olsenella species | ||||||
| Akkermansia muciniphia | Human/Mouse | PD-1 blockade | Epithelial tumors | Enhancing the antitumor effect of PD-1 blockade | Bertrand Routy 2018 | (20) |
| Bacteroides fragilis | Human/Mouse | CTLA-4 blockade | Melanoma/colon cancer | Influence interleukin 12 (IL-12)-dependent TH1 immune responses | Marie Vétizou 2015 | (19) |
| Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron | ||||||
| Burkholderiales | ||||||
| Uminococcaceae family | Human/Mouse | PD-1 blockade | Melanoma | Promote the infiltration of CD8+ T cells in tumors | Gopalakrishnan V 2018 | (17) |
| Clostridiales order | ||||||
| Faecalibacterium genus | ||||||
| Ratio of Prevotella and Bacteroides | Human | PD-1/PD-L1 blockade | Gastrointestinal cancer | Related to nucleoside and nucleotide biosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis, sugar metabolism, and fermentation to short-chain fatty acids | Zhi Peng 2020 | (69) |
| Bifidobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Enterococcus faecium | Human | PD-L1 blockade | Melanoma | a) Decreasing regulatory T cell | Vyara Matson 2018 | (70) |
| b) Increasing Batf3 dendritic cells | ||||||
| c) Enhancing Th1 responses |