Table 5.
Drug related and patient reported outcomes by follow-up
| Outcome by follow-up (month) | Control | Intervention | Odds ratios†/adjusted difference‡ (95% CI) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No* | No (%) of events/Mean (SD) | No* | No (%) of events/Mean (SD) | ||||
| Drug related outcomes | |||||||
| Clinically significant drug-drug interaction: | |||||||
| 2 | 893 | 521 (58.3) | 832 | 462 (55.5) | 0.87 (0.67 to 1.14) | 0.31 | |
| Drug misuse§: | |||||||
| 2 | 893 | 378 (42.3) | 832 | 355 (42.7) | 0.99 (0.81 to 1.20) | 0.92 | |
| Drug overuse§: | |||||||
| 2 | 893 | 376 (42.1) | 832 | 348 (41.8) | 0.99 (0.82 to 1.20) | 0.91 | |
| Drug underuse§: | |||||||
| 2 | 893 | 638 (71.4) | 832 | 583 (70.1) | 0.91 (0.70 to 1.17) | 0.45 | |
| Mean (SD) No of long term drugs¶: | |||||||
| 2 | 893 | 11.0 (4.27) | 833 | 11.2 (4.54) | −0.13 (−0.49 to 0.22) | 0.47 | |
| 6 | 824 | 11.5 (4.81) | 777 | 11.9 (5.04) | −0.10 (−0.46 to 0.26) | 0.60 | |
| 12 | 767 | 10.7 (4.57) | 726 | 10.7 (4.54) | −0.20 (−0.56 to 0.17) | 0.29 | |
| Patient reported outcomes | |||||||
| Mean (SD) quality of life**: | |||||||
| 2 | 828 | 64.0 (20.1) | 764 | 65.0 (19.4) | 0.63 (−1.24 to 2.50) | 0.51 | |
| 6 | 763 | 65.6 (18.8) | 727 | 67.1 (17.0) | 1.34 (−0.58 to 3.25) | 0.17 | |
| 12 | 703 | 65.1 (19.1) | 657 | 67.1 (17.8) | 2.29 (0.31 to 4.26) | 0.02 | |
| Mean (SD) pain/discomfort score††: | |||||||
| 2 | 850 | 1.16 (1.20) | 787 | 1.09 (1.12) | −0.04 (−0.16 to 0.07) | 0.43 | |
| 6 | 777 | 1.17 (1.18) | 741 | 1.08 (1.16) | −0.07 (−0.19 to 0.04) | 0.20 | |
| 12 | 722 | 1.15 (1.20) | 673 | 1.02 (1.11) | −0.11 (−0.23 to 0.01) | 0.06 | |
| Mean (SD) activities of daily living‡‡: | |||||||
| 2 | 833 | 86.0 (21.4) | 780 | 87.8 (19.7) | 0.53 (−1.71 to 2.78) | 0.64 | |
| 6 | 767 | 87.7 (19.2) | 735 | 88.6 (19.1) | 0.49 (−1.78 to 2.76) | 0.67 | |
| 12 | 713 | 86.9 (20.3) | 665 | 89.0 (18.4) | 1.60 (−0.70 to 3.89) | 0.17 | |
| Mean (SD) drug compliance§§: | |||||||
| 2 | 793 | 7.45 (0.958) | 725 | 7.48 (0.912) | 0.02 (−0.07 to 0.11) | 0.65 | |
| 12 | 707 | 7.52 (0.903) | 666 | 7.56 (0.842) | 0.04 (−0.05 to 0.13) | 0.41 | |
Odds ratios relate to numbers (percentages) and adjusted differences to means (standard deviations).
Numbers of participants differ as they were based on available data at months 2, 6, and 12; non-available data at 12 months were mainly due to death.
Odds ratios <1 indicate fewer events in intervention group.
Adjusted for baseline value of outcome. Positive values indicate higher values in intervention group.
Drugs with an indication, but error in prescribing, dispensing, administering, or monitoring. See supplementary appendix for definitions of clinically significant drug-drug interactions, drug overuse, and drug underuse.
Drug use for >30 days.
Measured by visual analogue scale, using the second part of the European quality of life-5 dimensions questionnaire (EQ-VAS). Values range from 0 to 100. Higher values indicate higher quality of life.
Measured using five dimensions version of EQ-5D. Values range from 0 to 4. Higher values indicate higher level of pain or discomfort.
Measured using Barthel index. Values range from 0 to 100. Higher values indicate higher functional independence.