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. 2021 Jun 29;11:670424. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.670424

Figure 4.

Figure 4

The gut microbiota dysbiosis of COVID-19 patients is exacerbated by ICU admission and development of BSI. Top, Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA) based on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity between the microbiota profiles of COVID-19 patients, stratified by ICU admission (A) and occurrence of BSI (B). A significant separation was found for both variables (p value ≤ 0.05, permutation test with pseudo-F ratio). Ellipses include 95% confidence area based on the standard error of the weighted average of sample coordinates. Bacterial genera with the largest contribution to the ordination space are indicated with blue arrows (p value ≤ 0.001, permutational correlation test, “envfit” function). Bottom, Boxplots showing the distribution of alpha diversity, estimated according to the number of observed ASVs, and the relative abundance of genera differentially represented between groups (i.e., COVID-19 patients admitted or not to the ICU, panel A; COVID-19 patients developing BSI or not, panel B) (p value ≤ 0.05, “envfit” function).