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. 2021 Jul 12;4(7):e2116581. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.16581

Table 2. Associations of Exposure to Antibiotics Before 48 Months With Age and Magnitude of BMI at Peak and Rebound by Timing of Antibiotic Exposure Periods.

Exposure by age, mo β Coefficient (95% CI)a
BMI peakb BMI rebound
Age, mo Magnitude Age, mo Magnitude
Any antibiotic
0-5c 0.05 (0.02 to 0.08) 0.09 (0.07 to 0.11) 0.26 (0.01 to 0.51) 0.01 (0.00 to 0.03)
6-11c,d NA NA 0.00 (−0.20 to 0.20) 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04)
12-23c,d NA NA −0.36 (−0.55 to −0.16) 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04)
24-35c,d NA NA −0.63 (−0.83 to −0.43) 0.01 (0.00 to 0.02)
36-47c,d NA NA −0.52 (−0.72 to −0.31) 0.01 (0.00 to 0.02)
0-47c NA NA −0.60 (−0.81 to −0.39) 0.02 (0.01 to 0.03)
Broad-spectrum antibiotic
0-5c 0.07 (0.03 to 0.01) 0.09 (0.07 to 0.12) 0.08 (−0.29 to 0.44) 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.03)
6-11c,d NA NA 0.24 (0.00 to 0.48) 0.02 (0.01 to 0.04)
12-23c,d NA NA −0.25 (−0.46 to −0.05) 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04)
24-35c,d NA NA −0.63 (−0.85 to −0.40) 0.02 (0.01 to 0.03)
36-47c,d NA NA −0.64 (−0.88 to −0.40) 0.02 (0.01 to 0.03)
0-47c NA NA −0.46 (−0.64 to −0.28) 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04)
Narrow-spectrum antibiotic
0-5c 0.03 (–0.00 to 0.06) 0.08 (0.06 to 0.11) 0.28 (−0.01 to 0.56) 0.02 (0.00 to 0.03)
6-11c,d NA NA −0.04 (−0.25 to 0.16) 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04)
12-23c,d NA NA −0.36 (−0.55 to −0.16) 0.03 (0.02 to 0.03)
24-35c,d NA NA −0.63 (−0.84 to −0.42) 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02)
36-47c,d NA NA −0.49 (−0.71 to −0.27) 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02)
0-47c NA NA −0.65 (−0.84 to −0.46) 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04)

Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; NA, not applicable.

a

All associations were adjusted for child sex, race/ethnicity, preterm birth, asthma, infections, complex chronic conditions, corticosteroid exposure episodes, and clinical encounters.

b

Associations with age and magnitude of BMI at peak were only assessed for antibiotic exposure at 0 to 5 months of age.

c

Covariates contemporaneous with the exposure periods (corticosteroids, infections, and clinical encounters) were adjusted for age-specific antibiotic exposures.

d

Regression models were additionally adjusted for previous antibiotics exposure periods.