Table 2. Associations of Exposure to Antibiotics Before 48 Months With Age and Magnitude of BMI at Peak and Rebound by Timing of Antibiotic Exposure Periods.
Exposure by age, mo | β Coefficient (95% CI)a | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
BMI peakb | BMI rebound | |||
Age, mo | Magnitude | Age, mo | Magnitude | |
Any antibiotic | ||||
0-5c | 0.05 (0.02 to 0.08) | 0.09 (0.07 to 0.11) | 0.26 (0.01 to 0.51) | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.03) |
6-11c,d | NA | NA | 0.00 (−0.20 to 0.20) | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) |
12-23c,d | NA | NA | −0.36 (−0.55 to −0.16) | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) |
24-35c,d | NA | NA | −0.63 (−0.83 to −0.43) | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.02) |
36-47c,d | NA | NA | −0.52 (−0.72 to −0.31) | 0.01 (0.00 to 0.02) |
0-47c | NA | NA | −0.60 (−0.81 to −0.39) | 0.02 (0.01 to 0.03) |
Broad-spectrum antibiotic | ||||
0-5c | 0.07 (0.03 to 0.01) | 0.09 (0.07 to 0.12) | 0.08 (−0.29 to 0.44) | 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.03) |
6-11c,d | NA | NA | 0.24 (0.00 to 0.48) | 0.02 (0.01 to 0.04) |
12-23c,d | NA | NA | −0.25 (−0.46 to −0.05) | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) |
24-35c,d | NA | NA | −0.63 (−0.85 to −0.40) | 0.02 (0.01 to 0.03) |
36-47c,d | NA | NA | −0.64 (−0.88 to −0.40) | 0.02 (0.01 to 0.03) |
0-47c | NA | NA | −0.46 (−0.64 to −0.28) | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) |
Narrow-spectrum antibiotic | ||||
0-5c | 0.03 (–0.00 to 0.06) | 0.08 (0.06 to 0.11) | 0.28 (−0.01 to 0.56) | 0.02 (0.00 to 0.03) |
6-11c,d | NA | NA | −0.04 (−0.25 to 0.16) | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) |
12-23c,d | NA | NA | −0.36 (−0.55 to −0.16) | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.03) |
24-35c,d | NA | NA | −0.63 (−0.84 to −0.42) | 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02) |
36-47c,d | NA | NA | −0.49 (−0.71 to −0.27) | 0.01 (−0.00 to 0.02) |
0-47c | NA | NA | −0.65 (−0.84 to −0.46) | 0.03 (0.02 to 0.04) |
Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; NA, not applicable.
All associations were adjusted for child sex, race/ethnicity, preterm birth, asthma, infections, complex chronic conditions, corticosteroid exposure episodes, and clinical encounters.
Associations with age and magnitude of BMI at peak were only assessed for antibiotic exposure at 0 to 5 months of age.
Covariates contemporaneous with the exposure periods (corticosteroids, infections, and clinical encounters) were adjusted for age-specific antibiotic exposures.
Regression models were additionally adjusted for previous antibiotics exposure periods.