Table 2. Change in Clinical and Anthropometric Measures Associated With the Change in Vascular Measures.
| Variable | GEE estimate (95% CI)a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Entire cohort (n = 307) | Women (n = 246) | Men (n = 60) | ||||
| Change in FMD | Change in RH | Change in FMD | Change in RH | Change in FMD | Change in RH | |
| Change in weight | −0.01 (−0.028 to 0.009) | −3.2 (−4.7 to −1.8)b | −0.02 (−0.04 to 0.006) | −3.6 (−5.4 to −1.8)b | 0.005 (−0.01 to 0.02) | −2.4 (−4.9 to 0.09) |
| Change in body mass index | −0.05 (−0.16 to 0.07) | −19.6 (−28.7 to −10.6)b | −0.09 (−0.23 to 0.06) | −20.7 (−31.4 to −10.0)b | 0.03 (−0.10 to 0.16) | −15.4 (−32.9 to 2.2) |
| Change in waist circumference | −0.06 (−0.19 to 0.06) | −20.4 (−30.0 to −10.7)b | −0.07 (−0.2 to 0.08) | −19.7 (−31.2 to −8.2)b | −0.07 (−0.21 to 0.08) | −20.8 (−37.9 to −3.7)c |
| Change in hip circumference | −0.025 (−0.15 to 0.09) | −28.8 (−39.5 to −18.0)b | −0.08 (−0.2 to 0.05) | −27.5 (−40.3 to −14.6)b | −0.03 (−0.20 to 0.13) | −32.7 (−47.4 to −18.1)b |
| Change in total cholesterol | −0.003 (−0.018 to 0.01) | 0.35 (−0.9 to 1.7) | −0.005 (−0.02 to 0.01) | 0.60 (−0.81 to 2.0) | 0.007 (−0.02 to 0.03) | −0.73 (−3.9 to 2.5) |
| Change in HDL cholesterol | 0.005 (−0.04 to 0.05) | 5.4 (1.3 to 9.6)c | 0.006 (−0.04 to 0.06) | 5.8 (1.4 to 10.3)c | 0.08 (−0.02 to 0.17) | −0.75 (−17.0 to 15.5) |
| Change in LDL cholesterol | −0.002 (−0.02 to 0.02) | −0.9 (−2.5 to 0.6) | −0.006 (−0.03 to 0.02) | −0.74 (−2.4 to 0.9) | 0.008 (−0.02 to 0.03) | −1.7 (−5.4 to 2.0) |
| Change in triglycerides | −0.002 (−0.01 to 0.008) | −0.3 (−1.3 to 0.7) | −0.001 (−0.01 to 0.01) | −0.38 (−1.6 to 0.84) | −0.009 (−0.02 to 0.005) | 0.05 (−1.7 to 1.6) |
| Change in glucose | −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.003) | −0.5 (−1.6 to 0.7) | −0.01 (−0.02 to 0.005) | −0.3 (−1.6 to 1.0) | −0.005 (−0.03 to 0.02) | −1.5 (−3.3 to 0.43) |
| Change in insulin | −0.02 (−0.08 to 0.04) | −7.5 (−16 to 1.1) | −0.02 (−0.10 to 0.06) | −5.8 (−15.7 to 4.1) | 0.007 (−0.08 to 0.09) | −14.4 (−29.9 to 1.2) |
| Change in HOMA-IR | −0.04 (−0.1 to 0.05) | −4.1 (−12.8 to 4.5) | 0.008 (−0.12 to 0.10) | −7.3 (−18.0 to 3.4) | −0.06 (−0.12 to 0.005) | 0.08 (−9.4 to 9.6) |
| Change in HbA1c | −0.5 (−0.95 to −0.05)c | −19.6 (−90.8 to 51.6) | −0.67 (−1.2 to −0.17)d | −26.9 (−104.2 to 50.4) | 0.4 (−0.8 to 1.7) | 68.0 (−91.5 to 227.5) |
| Change in hs-CRP | 0.003 (−0.05 to 0.05) | −4.4 (−10.1 to 1.3) | 0.009 (−0.09 to 0.07) | −8.2 (−15.3 to −1.1)c | −0.004 (−0.04 to 0.03) | −1.5 (−10.3 to 7.3) |
Abbreviations: FMD, flow-mediated dilation; GEE, generalized estimating equations; HbA1c, hemoglobin A1c; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; RH, reactive hyperemia.
a
Data are presented as GEE estimates of association of the change in a clinical variable and vascular measures for 1-unit change in the variable measure.
b
P < .001.
c
P < .05.
d
P < .01.