Table 1.

Patient demographics and clinicopathological and treatment characteristics

No	Authors	Sex	Age, years	Tumour location	Size	AFP, ng/mL	Treatment	Immunohistochemistry	Outcome
1	Current authors	M	47	Left adrenal gland	11.2×15.2×5.5 cm3	321 495	Supportive treatment	AE1/AE3 ⨁, arginase-1 ⨁, CAM5.2 ⨁, glypican-3 ⨁, HepPar1 ⨁ and Ki-67 20%, alpha-inhibin ⊖, chromogranin A ⊖, S100 ⊖, synaptophysin ⊖	Death at 3 weeks after diagnosis
2	Yoshioka et al6	M	57	Left adrenal gland	8×5 cm2	30 500	Thoracoabdominal nephro-adrenalectomy	N/A	N/A
3	Yi et al *13	M	57	Left adrenal gland	3.5×2.2×2 cm3	570	Surgery	HepPar1⨁, AFP ⨁, ferritin ⨁, CEA ⨁, CK8 ⨁, CK18 ⨁, α1-ACT, α1-AT ⨁	N/A
4	Malya et al11	F	48	Right adrenal gland	4×5 cm2	3900	Surgery+radiotherapy+5FU and gemcitabine	AFP ⨁, glipan ⨁, CK8 ⨁, HepPar1⨁, CK17⨁, CK19⨁, luminal/focal ⨁, polygonal CEA ⨁	N/A
5	Jing et al*14	M	53	Left adrenal gland	13×10×8 cm3	31 353	Oxaliplatin+capecitabine	HepPar1 ⨁, CK ⨁, AFP ⨁, Ki-67 30%, CD34 ⨁	Alive at 7 months of follow-up
6	Liu et al2	M	60	Right adrenal gland	5×7 cm2	6.39	Surgery	HepPar1 ⨁, glapican-3 ⨁, CD34 ⨁, CK ⨁, AFP ⊖, α-inhibin ⊖, CgA ⊖ and CEA ⊖	Alive at 30 months of follow-up
7	Zhang and Hua*12	M	57	Left adrenal gland	13×10×9 cm3	>13 000	Surgery+oxaliplatin+gemcitabine	EMA ⨁, CK8 ⨁, AFP ⨁, hepatocyte ⨁, CK18 ⨁, CD10 ⨁	Alive at 7 months of follow-up
8	Lin et al3	M	64	Left adrenal gland	9.3×8.9×9.7 cm3	2.75	mFOLFOX6×4 cycles, transcatheter arterial chemoembolisation, apatinib	TTF-1 ⊖, CK5/6 ⊖, P63 ⊖, NSE ⊖, synaptophysin ⊖, chromogranin A ⊖, CK8/18 ⨁, CK19 ⨁, CK7 ⨁, CD 20 ⊖, hepatocyte ⨁, vimentin ⊖, HepPar1⨁	Death at 9 months after diagnosis
9	Deng et al4	M	83	Left adrenal gland	13×8.7×11 cm3	>24 200	Surgery+sorafenib	HepPar1⨁, glypican-3 ⨁, AFP ⨁, arginase-1 ⨁, Ki-67 50%	Death at 9 months after diagnosis

*Published in Chinese.

AFP, alpha-fetoprotein; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CK, cytokeratin; EMA, epithelial membrane antigen; 5FU, 5-fluorouracil; N/A, not available; NSE, neuron specific enolase.