Table 11.
Percentage of Pathogens Reported from Pediatric Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTIs) and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonias (VAPs) that Tested Nonsusceptiblea (NS) to Selected Antimicrobial Agents, 2015–2017
| Pathogen, Antimicrobial | CAUTIb | VAPc | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. Reported | % Tested | %NSa | No. Reported | % Tested | %NSa | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 30 | 47 | ||||
| OX/CEFOX/METH (MRSA) | 93.3 | 25.0 | 87.2 | 34.1 | ||
| Enterococcus faecium | 24 | N/A | ||||
| Vancomycin (VRE) | 95.8 | 87.0 | ||||
| Enterococcus faecalis | 113 | N/A | ||||
| Vancomycin (VRE) | 87.6 | 0.0 | ||||
| Selected Klebsiella spp | 164 | 21 | ||||
| ESCs | 89.0 | 17.8 | 100.0 | 9.5 | ||
| Carbapenems (CRE) | 70.1 | 0.9 | 66.7 | . . . | ||
| MDR | 91.5 | 8.0 | 100.0 | 4.8 | ||
| Escherichia coli | 459 | 8 | ||||
| ESCs | 88.0 | 21.3 | 87.5 | . . . | ||
| Carbapenems (CRE) | 69.7d | 0.9 | 87.5 | . . . | ||
| FQs | 85.4 | 19.1 | 100.0 | . . . | ||
| MDR | 91.1 | 5.5 | 87.5 | . . . | ||
| Enterobacter spp | 137 | 13 | ||||
| Cefepime | 77.4 | 15.1 | 61.5 | . . . | ||
| Carbapenems (CRE) | 74.5 | 6.9 | 69.2 | . . . | ||
| MDR-2 | 91.2 | 11.2 | 92.3 | . . . | ||
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 265 | 33 | ||||
| AMINOs | 97.4 | 11.2 | 100.0 | 9.1 | ||
| ESCs-2 | 96.2 | 18.8 | 100.0 | 18.2 | ||
| FQs-2 | 88.3 | 15.0 | 87.9 | 13.8 | ||
| Carbapenems-2 | 73.6 | 14.4 | 93.9 | 16.1 | ||
| PIP/PIPTAZ | 86.0 | 13.2 | 93.9 | 12.9 | ||
| MDR-3 | 96.2 | 7.8 | 100.0 | 6.1 | ||
| Acinetobacter spp | 8 | 5 | ||||
| Carbapenems-2 | 75.0 | . . . | 100.0 | . . . | ||
| MDR-4 | 87.5 | . . . | 100.0 | . . . | ||
Note. Selected Klebsiella spp, K. oxytoca and K. pneumoniae; OX/CEFOX/METH, oxacillin, cefoxitin, or methicillin; MRSA, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus; VRE, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus; ESCs, extended-spectrum cephalosporins (cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, or ceftriaxone); CRE, carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (imipenem, meropenem, doripenem, or ertapenem); MDR, multidrug-resistant (NS to 1 drug in at least 3 of the following classes: ESCs, FQs, AMINOs, carbapenems (R only), PIPTAZ); MDR-2, multidrug-resistant (NS to 1 drug in at least 3 of the following classes: cefepime, FQs, AMINOs, carbapenems (R only), PIPTAZ); FQs, fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, or moxifloxacin); AMINOs, aminoglycosides (amikacin, gentamicin, or tobramycin); ESCs-2, extended-spectrum cephalosporins (cefepime or ceftazidime); FQs-2, fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin or levofloxacin); PIP, piperacillin; PIPTAZ, piperacillin/tazobactam; Carbapenems-2, imipenem, meropenem, or doripenem; MDR-3, multidrug-resistant (NS to 1 drug in at least 3 of the following classes: ESCs-2, FQs-2, AMINOs, carbapenems-2, PIP/PIPTAZ); MDR-4, multidrug-resistant (NS to 1 drug in at least 3 of the following classes: ESCs-2, FQs-2, AMINOs, carbapenems-2, PIP/PIPTAZ, ampicillin/sulbactam).
MRSA, VRE, and CRE data are presented as %R (ie, includes only those pathogens that tested resistant). All other phenotypes are shown as %NS (ie, includes pathogens that tested intermediate or resistant). This metric is only calculated when at least 20 isolates have been tested.
Almost no statistically significant differences in CAUTI %NS were observed across pediatric location types. Therefore, all locations have been combined.
∼99% of pediatric VAP pathogens were reported from a pediatric intensive care unit. VRE data are not shown for VAP because Enterococcus spp are typically excluded from VAP surveillance.
If the percentage tested is <70%, caution should be used when interpreting the %NS.