Table 9.
Distribution and Rank Order of the 15 Most Commonly Reported Pediatric Surgical Site Infection (SSI) Pathogens, by Surgical Category,a 2015–2017
| Pathogen | All Surgery Typesb |
Abdominalc | Orthopedicd | Neurosurgicale | Cardiacf | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) Pathogens | Rank | No. (%) Pathogens | No. (%) Pathogens | No. (%) Pathogens | No. (%) Pathogens | |
| Staphylococcus aureus | 622 (17.6) | 1 | 175 (7.9) | 157 (32.2) | 117 (27.9) | 152 (48.7) |
| Escherichia coli | 616 (17.5) | 2 | 536 (24.2) | 53 (10.9) | 15 (3.6) | 5 (1.6) |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 292 (8.3) | 3 | 181 (8.2) | 58 (11.9) | 33 (7.9) | 14 (4.5) |
| Coagulase-negative staphylococci | 258 (7.3) | 4 | 69 (3.1) | 34 (7.0) | 86 (20.5) | 56 (17.9) |
| Enterobacter spp | 236 (6.7) | 5 | 150 (6.8) | 39 (8.0) | 33 (7.9) | 9 (2.9) |
| Enterococcus faecalisg | 199 (5.6) | 6 | 168 (7.6) | 10 (2.1) | 5 (1.2) | 9 (2.9) |
| Viridans group streptococci | 175 (5.0) | 7 | 152 (6.9) | 3 (0.6) | 12 (2.9) | 7 (2.2) |
| Bacteroides spp | 171 (4.8) | 8 | 159 (7.2) | 9 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Selected Klebsiella spp | 138 (3.9) | 9 | 92 (4.2) | 17 (3.5) | 17 (4.1) | 8 (2.6) |
| Candida albicansg | 91 (2.6) | 10 | 74 (3.3) | 10 (2.1) | 3 (0.7) | 3 (1.0) |
| Other Enterococcus sppg,h | 90 (2.6) | 11 | 85 (3.8) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Serratia spp | 60 (1.7) | 12 | 14 (0.6) | 18 (3.7) | 16 (3.8) | 10 (3.2) |
| Proteus spp | 45 (1.3) | 13 | 19 (0.9) | 24 (4.9) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Enterococcus faeciumg | 42 (1.2) | 14 | 39 (1.8) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.3) |
| Citrobacter spp | 39 (1.1) | 15 | 27 (1.2) | 7 (1.4) | 2 (0.5) | 2 (0.6) |
| Other Candida sppg,h | 39 (1.1) | 15 | 25 (1.1) | 1 (0.2) | 9 (2.1) | 3 (1.0) |
| Other | 413 (11.7) | 250 (11.3) | 44 (9.0) | 68 (16.2) | 33 (10.6) | |
| Total | 3,526 (100.0) | 2,215 (100.0) | 487 (100.0) | 419 (100.0) | 312 (100.0) | |
Note. Selected Klebsiella spp, K. oxytoca and K. pneumoniae.
The 4 most commonly reported surgical categories by pathogen volume are shown.
Consists of all NHSN pediatric operative procedure codes and is not limited to the 4 surgical categories shown in the table.
Appendix surgery, bile duct, liver, or pancreatic surgery, liver transplant, gallbladder surgery, colon surgery, gastric surgery, herniorrhaphy, small bowel surgery, spleen surgery, exploratory laparotomy, and rectal surgery. The 2015–2017 Pediatric Antimicrobial Resistance Report Online Supplement contains pathogen distributions stratified by individual NHSN procedure code within the abdominal surgical category (https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/datastat/index.html).
Open reduction of fracture, hip prosthesis, knee prosthesis, limb amputation, spinal fusion/refusion, and laminectomy.
Craniotomy and ventricular shunt.
Cardiac surgery, heart transplant, coronary artery bypass graft with chest incision with or without donor incision, pacemaker surgery, and thoracic surgery.
When analyzed on the genus level, across all surgery types, Enterococcus ranks #3 and Candida ranks #9.
The group ‘Other Enterococcus spp’ combines enterococci identified to the species level, excluding E. faecium and E. faecalis, and enterococci for which the species was not reported. The group ‘Other Candida spp’ combines Candida identified to the species level, excluding C. albicans and C. glabrata, and Candida for which the species was not reported.