Table 1.
Characters of the study population with and without valvular heart disease
| Total (n = 31,499) | VHD (n = 1309) | No VHD (n = 30,190) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | 0.308 | |||
| Male (%) | 50.7 (49.0–52.5) | 48.2 (42.9–53.5) | 50.8 (49.0–52.7) | |
| Female (%) | 49.3 (47.5–51.0) | 51.8 (46.5–57.1) | 49.2 (47.3–51.0) | |
| Age (mean, years) | 51.8 (51.0–52.5) | 61.6 (59.9–63.2) | 51.4 (50.7–52.1) | < 0.001 |
| BMI (mean, Kg/m2) | 24.7 (24.3–25.0) | 24.2 (23.5–24.9) | 24.7 (24.3–25.1) | 0.058 |
| Region | 0.134 | |||
| East (%) | 44.1 (20.1–68.2) | 49.2 (15.4–82.9) | 43.9 (20.1–67.8) | |
| Central (%) | 34.5 (11.0–58.0) | 21.7 (7.8–47.8) | 35.0 (11.3–58.7) | |
| West (%) | 21.4 (8.0–45.9) | 29.1 (0.0–61.7) | 21.0 (7.9–45.2) | |
| Residence | 0.407 | |||
| Rural (%) | 37.5 (22.3–52.7) | 44.3 (15.1–73.7) | 37.2 (22.4–52.0) | |
| Urban (%) | 62.5 (47.3–77.7) | 55.7 (26.4–84.9) | 62.8 (48.0–77.6) | |
| Heart diseases history | ||||
| Ischemia (%) | 0.5 (0.2–1.0) | 1.9 (0.8–4.8) | 0.4 (0.2–0.9) | < 0.001 |
| AF (%) | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 4.5 (2.9–6.9) | 0.6 (0.4–0.9) | < 0.001 |
| Systolic HF (%) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 3.9 (2.6–5.9) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) | < 0.001 |
| DCM (%) | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 3.5 (1.8–6.7) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | < 0.001 |
| HCM (%) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 0.8 (0.3–2.0) | 0.2 (0.1–0.3) | < 0.001 |
| CHD (%) | 0.2 (0.1–0.4) | 1.4 (0.6–3.3) | 0.1 (0.0–0.3) | < 0.001 |
| Comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension (%) | 35.1 (32.8–37.4) | 51.9 (48.4–55.4) | 34.4 (32.2–36.7) | < 0.001 |
| Stroke (%) | 1.6 (1.0–2.4) | 3.3 (1.8–6.1) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | 0.004 |
| Dyslipidemia (%) | 32.4 (28.4–36.4) | 28.9 (23.6–34.1) | 32.5 (28.5–36.5) | 0.015 |
| Diabetes (%) | 8.5 (7.5–9.7) | 9.0 (7.5–10.8) | 8.5 (7.4–9.8) | 0.581 |
| CKD (%) | 4.6 (3.7–5.7) | 11.0 (8.4–14.2) | 4.3 (3.5–5.3) | < 0.001 |
| Echocardiography measurements | ||||
| LAap (mm) | 31.2 (30.4–32.1) | 34.3 (32.9–35.7) | 31.1 (30.3–32.0) | < 0.001 |
| LVEDD (mm) | 46.2 (45.5–47.0) | 48.2 (47.2–49.2) | 46.2 (45.4–46.9) | < 0.001 |
| IVSd (mm) | 9.6 (9.3–9.8) | 10.0 (9.4–10.6) | 9.5 (9.2–9.8) | 0.077 |
| LVESD (mm) | 30.0 (29.3–30.8) | 32.2 (31.1–33.3) | 30.0 (29.2–30.7) | < 0.001 |
| LVEF (%) | 64.4 (62.8–65.9) | 62.7 (60.7–64.7) | 64.4 (62.9–66.0) | < 0.001 |
Data were represented as means or percentage (95% CI)
All values were weighted to represent the total population of Chinese aged 35 years or older based on the Chinese census 2010
VHD, valvular heart disease; BMI, body mass index; AF, atrial fibrillation; HF, heart failure; DCM, Dilated Cardiomyopathy; HCM, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy; CHD, congenital heart disease; CKD, chronic kidney disease. LAap, the anteroposterior diameter of the left atrium; LVEDD, the diameter of the left ventricle at end-diastole; IVSd, the thickness of the interventricular septum; LVESD, the left ventricle end-systolic diameter; LVEF, the left ventricle ejection fraction
P value for t-test (continuous) and x2 or Fisher’s exact test (categorical) to assess the difference between population with VHD and those without it