Table 5.
Risk factors associated with tick infestation on equid hosts
| Variables | Condition | No. examined equids | No of tick-infested equids (%) | Mean (SD) | Relative risk (95% confidence interval) | P value (χ2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 330 | 294 (91) | 312.0 (25.46) | 0.7432 (0.64–0.85) | 0.001 (12.05,1) |
| Female | 74 | 30 (9) | 52.00 (31.11) | |||
| Age groups (years) | 1–3 | 100 | 50 (15) | 75.00 (35.36) | 1.268 (1.10–1.45) | 0.002 (9.548, 1) |
| 4–6 | 304 | 274 (85) | 289.0 (21.21) | |||
| Altitude | Hilly areas | 140 | 140 (43) | 143.5 (4.950) | 0.8485 (0.73–0.97) | 0.02 (5.562, 1) |
| Plain areas | 264 | 184 (57) | 220.5 (51.62) | |||
| Housing | Mud | 213 | 203 (63) | 208.0 (7.071) | – | – |
| Concrete | 56 | 38 (11) | 38.00 (25.46) | 0.6949 (0.58–0.81) | 0.001 (13.11, 1) | |
| Semi-concrete | 135 | 83 (26) | 174.0 (55.15) | 0.8268 (0.71–0.95) | 0.01 (6.645, 1) | |
| Grazing | Open | 246 | 229 (71) | 237.5 (12.02) | 0.8293 (0.72–0.94) | 0.01 (7.597, 1) |
| Domesticated | 158 | 95 (29) | 126.5 (44.55) | |||
| Living management | Single | 115 | 63 (19) | 89.00 (36.77) | 1.230 (1.07–1.40) | 0.01 (7.921, 1) |
| Herd | 289 | 261 (81) | 275.0 (19.80) | |||
| Food supply | Fresh | 295 | 238 (73) | 266.5 (40.31) | 0.9902 (0.85–1.14) | 0.9 (0.0171, 1) |
| Stored | 109 | 86 (27) | 97.50 (16.26) |