Table 4.
The measured kinematics of the hips of all participants, stratified by BMI
| Kinematic data of each sitting position |
Non-overweight Median (range) degrees (n = 26) |
Overweight Median (range) degrees (n = 22) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flexion (+) / Extension (−) | |||
| Kneeling plantar-flexed | 67.4 (38.6 to 86.1) | 67.1 (53.7 to 79.2) | 0.619 |
| Kneeling dorsi-flexed | 52.4 (29.9 to 66.7) | 50.4 (38.0 to 60.3) | 0.346 |
| Benjangkapradit prostration | 99.8 (52.5 to 114.9) | 91.6 (61.9 to 108.7) | 0.004* |
| Cross-legged | 85.9 (60.2 to 105.4) | 92.0 (62.8 to 105.6) | 0.207 |
| Left monk | |||
| Left hip | 67.9 (19.0 to 79.2) | 63.2 (24.3 to 80.5) | 0.077 |
| Right hip | 79.8 (55.4 to 93.0) | 81.8 (66.4 to 94.5) | 0.116 |
| Right monk | |||
| Left hip | 78.8 (60.1 to 90.5) | 79.8 (67.7 to 96.6) | 0.185 |
| Right hip | 66.9 (28.1 to 79.8) | 63.7 (39.1 to 79.6) | 0.649 |
| Squatting | 102.5 (47.3 to 115.4) | 97.2 (48.7 to 122.0) | 0.040* |
| Sitting on a step stool | 90.5 (55.5 to 101.6) | 88.1 (44.9 to 101.9) | 0.242 |
| Figure-four | 80.3 (58.5 to 99.7) | 83.9 (72.5 to 104.5) | 0.166 |
| Standard leg-cross | 78.5 (58.4 to 93.3) | 83.8 (66.8 to 96.4) | 0.005* |
| Abduction (+) / Adduction (−) | |||
| Kneeling plantar-flexed | 3.2 (−8.4 to 12.9) | 6.8 (−6.0 to 18.1) | 0.023* |
| Kneeling dorsi-flexed | 6.4 (−4.1 to 14.9) | 7.8 (−1.1 to 20.4) | 0.084 |
| Benjangkapradit prostration | 2.6 (−7.8 to 13.7) | 6.3 (− 10.3 to 24.9) | 0.054 |
| Cross-legged | 29.9 (10.4 to 44.3) | 28.4 (9.9 to 45.7) | 0.619 |
| Left-monk | |||
| Left hip | 15.1 (−6.4 to 44.7) | 22.8 (−3.7 to 55.8) | 0.043* |
| Right hip | 6.6 (−4.8 to 21.8) | 16.1 (−5.0 to 30.7) | 0.024* |
| Right-monk | |||
| Left hip | 5.0 (−7.5 to 20.6) | 11.2 (−8.5 to 29.4) | 0.113 |
| Right hip | 14.4 (−8.4 to 37.8) | 20.2 (1.8 to 38.9) | 0.034* |
| Squatting | 7.6 (−6.5 to 24.2) | 11.8 (−5.1 to 34.3) | 0.475 |
| Sitting on a step stool | 6.4 (−6.0 to 23.1) | 14.6 (−3.4 to 31.5) | 0.018* |
| Figure-four | 15.8 (10.1 to 28.7) | 17.9 (2.5 to 35.2) | 0.396 |
| Standard leg-cross | −13.7 (−21.7 to 3.9) | −6.0 (−19.9 to 6.7) | < 0.001* |
| External rotation (+) / Internal rotation (−) | |||
| Kneeling plantar-flexed | 1.19 (−6.3 to 16.63) | 1.8 (−8.1 to 20.8) | 0.627 |
| Kneeling dorsi-flexed | 6.7 (−8.3 to 22.0) | 9.9 (1.8 to 17.9) | 0.136 |
| Benjangkapradit prostration | 1.2 (−12.7 to 12.1) | 6.7 (−18.2 to 15.5) | 0.301 |
| Cross-legged | 64.4 (37.6 to 81.7) | 57.8 (40.7 to 80.5) | 0.051 |
| Left-monk | |||
| Left hip | −36.6 (−54.5 to −15.5) | − 37.5 (−53.4 to − 5.2) | 0.860 |
| Right hip | 50.4 (33.9 to 62.2) | 47.2 (18.7 to 62.5) | 0.166 |
| Right-monk | |||
| Left hip | 49.5 (37.1 to 58.9) | 46.2 (27.7 to 54.1) | 0.036* |
| Right hip | −37.0 (−52.3 to −9.9) | − 36.3 (− 51.9 to −4.7) | 0.852 |
| Squatting | −3.4 (−23.7 to 7.7) | −6.3 (−24.5 to 4.0) | 0.128 |
| Sitting on a step stool | −4.6 (− 15.9 to 6.8) | −7.6 (− 15.7 to 9.3) | 0.069 |
| Figure-four | 59.1 (42.9 to 68.9) | 51.6 (35.1 to 75.7) | 0.072 |
| Standard leg-cross | 27.4 (2.9 to 45.2) | 26.7 (12.9 to 63.7) | 0.555 |
The P values were for the Mann–Whitney U test.
The asterisk (*) denotes a statistically significant difference between two groups.