Table 1.
Baseline and first follow-up characteristics of participants with T2DM across weight change categories at the baseline and after 3-year follow-up: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Iran, 1999–2018
| Weight change categories | Lost > 5% | Lost 3% to 5% | Stable (± 3%) | Gained 3% to 5% | Gained > 5% | Total | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants (men) | 123 (46) | 87 (38) | 348 (146) | 73 (30) | 132 (40) | 763 (300) | ||||||
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow- up | |
| Continuous variables, mean ± SD | ||||||||||||
| Age (year) | 55.1 ± 11.0 | 58.4 ± 11.1 | 53.5 ± 10.8 | 56.8 ± 11.1 | 53.6 ± 10.9 | 56.8 ± 10.9 | 51.9 ± 10.7 | 54.9 ± 10.7 | 53.1 ± 11.2 | 56.6 ± 11.2 | 53.6 ± 11.0 | 56.8 ± 11.0 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.9 ± 4.5 | 27.7 ± 4.4 | 29.7 ± 5.0 | 28.7 ± 4.8 | 29.0 ± 4.0 | 29.1 ± 4.1 | 28.0 ± 4.2 | 29.0 ± 4.5 | 27.9 ± 5.0 | 30.7 ± 5.4 | 28.9 ± 4.4 | 29.1 ± 4.6 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 134.4 ± 21.6 | 129.8 ± 20.2 | 135.5 ± 23.9 | 133.7 ± 22.7 | 132.7 ± 22.0 | 130.8 ± 21.0 | 130.7 ± 22.6 | 129.9 ± 22.3 | 128.9 ± 22.1 | 131.3 ± 23.3 | 132.4 ± 22.3 | 131.0 ± 21.6 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 84.0 ± 12.1 | 78.4 ± 11.7 | 83.0 ± 11.6 | 78.9 ± 11.5 | 82.3 ± 11.6 | 79.4 ± 10.5 | 81.6 ± 10.1 | 78.9 ± 9.2 | 80.6 ± 11.5 | 78.3 ± 11.7 | 82.3 ± 11.5 | 79.0 ± 10.9 |
| FPG (mmol/L)a | 9.1 ± 3.1 | 9.8 ± 4.2 | 9.1 ± 3.4 | 9.4 ± 3.8 | 8.6 ± 3.2 | 8.6 ± 3.2 | 7.5 ± 3.2 | 7.5 ± 2.5 | 8.2 ± 3.9 | 7.8 ± 2.9 | 8.6 ± 3.4 | 8.7 ± 3.4 |
| Total cholesterol (mmol/L)a | 6.2 ± 1.4 | 5.5 ± 1.2 | 5.8 ± 1.1 | 5.4 ± 1.0 | 5.9 ± 1.3 | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 5.8 ± 1.0 | 5.5 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 5.9 ± 1.3 | 5.4 ± 1.1 |
| e-GFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 63.2 ± 10.4 | 66.4 ± 9.5 | 67.6 ± 11.6 | 69.3 ± 12.1 | 65.6 ± 10.7 | 69.4 ± 13.0 | 65.2 ± 11.1 | 71.4 ± 12.6 | 66.9 ± 12.5 | 68.2 ± 13.2 | 65.6 ± 11.2 | 68.9 ± 12.5 |
| Categorical variables, number (%) | ||||||||||||
| Educational level, years | ||||||||||||
| < 6 | 83 (67.5) | 78 (63.4) | 44 (50.6) | 47 (54.7) | 219 (62.9) | 217 (62.5) | 41 (56.2) | 42 (57.5) | 78 (59.1) | 79 (59.8) | 465 (60.9) | 463 (60.8) |
| 6–12 | 29 (23.6) | 35 (28.5) | 35 (40.2) | 30 (34.9) | 106 (30.5) | 106 (30.5) | 27 (37.0) | 26 (35.6) | 49 (37.1) | 48 (36.4) | 246 (32.2) | 245 (32.2) |
| > 12 | 11 (8.9) | 10 (8.1) | 8 (9.2) | 9 (10.5) | 23 (6.6) | 24 (6.9) | 5 (6.8) | 5 (6.8) | 5 (3.8) | 5 (3.8) | 52 (6.8) | 53 (7.0) |
| Current smoker | 7 (5.7) | 6 (4.9) | 11 (12.6) | 11 (12.6) | 34 (9.8) | 33 (9.5) | 10 (14.1) | 9 (12.3) | 13 (9.9) | 10 (7.6) | 75 (9.9) | 69 (9.0) |
| Family history of premature CVD, yes | 28 (22.8) | 32 (26.0) | 17 (19.5) | 22 (25.3) | 64 (18.4) | 79 (22.7) | 16 (21.9) | 23 (31.5) | 19 (14.4) | 25 (18.9) | 144 (18.9) | 181 (23.7) |
| GLD use, yes | 47 (38.2) | 51 (41.5) | 27 (31.0) | 40 (46.0) | 104 (29.9) | 149 (42.8) | 22 (30.1) | 26 (35.6) | 36 (27.3) | 59 (44.7) | 236 (30.9) | 325 (42.6) |
| Anti-hypertensive drug use, yes | 29 (23.6) | 31 (25.2) | 22 (25.3) | 23 (26.4) | 56 (16.1) | 67 (19.3) | 9 (12.3) | 11 (15.1) | 27 (20.5) | 30 (22.7) | 143 (18.7) | 162 (21.2) |
| Lipid-lowering drug use, yes | 14 (11.4) | 13 (10.6) | 11 (12.6) | 16 (18.4) | 36 (10.3) | 40 (11.5) | 5 (6.8) | 4 (5.5) | 7 (5.3) | 13 (9.8) | 73 (9.6) | 86 (11.3) |
For participants that enrolled at phase I (1999–2001) of TLGS, phase II (2001–2005) was considered as the follow-up for weight change calculation. For participants that enrolled at phase II (2001–2005) of TLGS, phase III (2005–2008) was considered as the follow-up for weight change calculation
T2DM type 2 diabetes mellitus, SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, FPG fasting plasma glucose, e-GFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, CVD cardiovascular disease, GLD glucose-lowering drug
aConversion factors from mmol/L to mg/dL were 18.02 for FPG and 38.67 for total cholesterol