Table 2.
Multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of association between weight change categories and incident CVD: Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, Iran, 1999–2018
| Model 1 | Model 2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR (95% CI) | P-value | HR (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Weight change categories | ||||
| Lost > 5% | 1.18 (0.84–1.65) | 0.333 | 1.11 (0.79–1.56) | 0.538 |
| Lost 3% to 5% | 1.04 (0.70–1.53) | 0.863 | 0.89 (0.60–1.33) | 0.571 |
| Stable (± 3%) | Reference | Reference | ||
| Gained 3% to 5% | 0.69 (0.42–1.11) | 0.128 | 0.76 (0.46–1.23) | 0.260 |
| Gained > 5% | 0.71 (0.49–1.03) | 0.075 | 0.70 (0.48–1.01) | 0.058 |
| Age, year | 1.05 (1.04–1.06) | < 0.001 | 1.05 (1.03–1.07) | < 0.001 |
| Women (men as reference) | 0.90 (0.70–1.15) | 0.394 | 0.78 (0.58–1.05) | 0.101 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 1.00 (0.97–1.03) | 0.894 | ||
| Educational level, years | ||||
| > 12 | Reference | |||
| 6–12 | 0.81 (0.47–1.38) | 0.437 | ||
| < 6 | 0.82 (0.48–1.39) | 0.459 | ||
| Current smoker, yes | 1.64 (1.03–2.61) | 0.036 | ||
| GLD use, yes | 1.62 (1.21–2.16) | 0.001 | ||
| Family history of premature CVD, yes | 1.15 (0.84–1.57) | 0.389 | ||
| Hypertension, yes | 1.73 (1.32–2.26) | < 0.001 | ||
| Hypercholesterolemia, yes | 1.77 (1.27–2.48) | 0.001 | ||
| CKD, yes | 0.78 (0.58–1.05) | 0.097 | ||
| FPG, mmol/L | 1.04 (1.00–1.08) | 0.039 | ||
Model 1: adjusted for age and sex. Model 2: Model 1 + further adjusted for BMI, educational level, current smoking (at first follow-up), GLD use (at baseline or first follow-up), family history of premature CVD, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, CKD, and FPG
CVD cardiovascular disease, BMI body mass index, GLD glucose-lowering drugs, CKD chronic kidney disease, FPG fasting plasma glucose