Table 4.
Bi-variable and multi-variable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with PIVC phlebitis among admitted patients at University of Gondar hospital, Northwest Ethiopia, April 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020
| Variables | Phlebitis | COR (CI) | P-value | AOR (CI) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | |||||
| Age (years) | ||||||
| 18–40 | 42 | 127 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 40–60 | 43 | 82 | 1.59 (0.91–2.77) | 0.104 | 1.19 (0.55–2.58) | 0.650 |
| > 60 | 31 | 59 | 1.02 (0.57–1.77) | 0.995 | 0.89 (0.45–1.75) | 0.730 |
| Gender | ||||||
| Male | 128 | 71 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Female | 140 | 454 | 0.58 (0.37–0.90) | 0.016 | 0.29 (0.13–0.63) | 0.002 |
| Residence | ||||||
| Urban | 119 | 60 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Rural | 149 | 56 | 0.75 (0.48–1.15) | 0.187 | 0.65 (0.33–1.28) | 0.209 |
| Religion | ||||||
| Christian | 246 | 97 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Muslim | 23 | 18 | 2.07 (1.06–4.02) | 0.033 | 1.86 (0.71–4.91) | 0.210 |
| Educational level | ||||||
| Unable to read and write | 126 | 41 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Able to read and write | 28 | 23 | 1.09 (0.54–2.20) | 0.817 | 1.53 (0.47–5.02) | 0.483 |
| Elementary school | 44 | 23 | 0.47 (0.21–1.08) | 0.077 | 0.77 (0.23–2.62) | 0.680 |
| Secondary school | 37 | 12 | 0.74 (0.34–1.65) | 0.467 | 1.04 (0.33–3.31) | 0.942 |
| College and above | 36 | 14 | 1.19 (0.49–2.94) | 0.692 | 1.86 (0.59–5.75) | 0.284 |
| Admission diagnosis | ||||||
| Lung disease | 69 | 28 | 1 | |||
| Heart disease | 42 | 26 | 0.90 (0.47–1.72) | 0.749 | 1.3 (0.6–2.81) | 0.511 |
| CNS disease | 47 | 18 | 0.59 (0.3–1.17) | 0.130 | 0.75 (0.33–1.70) | 0.488 |
| Liver disease | 17 | 4 | 0.95 (0.46–1.97) | 0.897 | 1.32 (0.56–3.09) | 0.522 |
| Renal disease | 8 | 8 | 1.55 (0.47–5.10) | 0.469 | 1.74 (0.48–6.34) | 0.404 |
| Hematological diseases | 12 | 6 | 1.22 (0.31–4.82) | 0.78 | 1.19 (0.26–5.46) | 0.826 |
| Fracture | 10 | 3 | 0.37 (0.12–1.09) | 0.07 | 0.45 (0.12–1.64) | 0.225 |
| Others | 63 | 23 | 0.57 (0.25–2.17) | 0.572 | 1.3 (0.37–4.59) | 0.688 |
| Co-morbidities | ||||||
| Diabetes | ||||||
| Yes | 26 | 12 | 1.07 (0.52–2.21) | 0.85 | ||
| No | 242 | 104 | 1 | |||
| Hypertension | ||||||
| Yes | 57 | 32 | 0.71 (0.43–1.17) | 0.179 | 1.08 (0.57–2.05) | 0.804 |
| No | 211 | 84 | 1 | 1 | ||
| HIV/AIDS | ||||||
| Yes | 12 | 12 | 1 | 1 | ||
| No | 115 | 44 | 0.43 (0.18–1.00) | 0.050 | 0.56 (0.20–1.58) | 0.275 |
| Unknown | 141 | 60 | 1.11 (0.70–1.76) | 0.651 | 1.22 (0.71–2.11) | 0.488 |
| CKD | ||||||
| Yes | 20 | 10 | 1.17 (0.53–2.58) | 0.69 | ||
| No | 250 | 104 | 1 | |||
| Malignancy | ||||||
| Yes | 22 | 8 | 1.07 (0.50–2.54) | 0.64 | ||
| No | 248 | 106 | 1 | |||
| Concomitant bacterial infections | ||||||
| Yes | 168 | 75 | 1.09 (0.69–1.72) | 0.71 | ||
| No | 100 | 41 | 1 | |||
| Duration of hospital stay | ||||||
| < 3 days | 19 | 7 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 3–7 days | 89 | 31 | 1.47 (0.55–3.93) | 0.447 | 1.75 (0.56–5.48) | 0.338 |
| 7–14 days | 110 | 51 | 1.55 (0.83–2.89) | 0.167 | 1.73 (0.85–3.53) | 0.131 |
| > 14 days | 50 | 27 | 1.17 (0.66–2.07) | 0.603 | 1.21 (0.63–2.32) | 0.563 |
| Place of procedure | ||||||
| Emergency unit | 146 | 57 | 1 | |||
| Wards | 122 | 59 | 0.60 (0.07–5.70) | 0.65 | ||
| Catheter dwell time | ||||||
| < 3 days | 119 | 52 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 3–4 days | 66 | 17 | 1.3 (0.8–2.10) | 0.294 | 1.21 (0.68–2.15) | 0.511 |
| > 4 days | 83 | 47 | 2.2 (1.16–4.18) | 0.016 | 2.26 (1.09–4.70) | 0.029 |
| Cannula insertion site | ||||||
| Dorsum of hand | 95 | 53 | 0.85 (0.61–1.24) | 0.422 | ||
| Forearm | 144 | 57 | 0.91 (0.55–2.20) | 0.652 | ||
| Antecubital fossa | 29 | 6 | 1 | |||
| Cannula size (gauge) | ||||||
| 18 | 4120 | 1 | ||||
| 20 | 218 | 93 | 1.00 (0.63–1.98) | 1.000 | ||
| 22 | 6 | 2 | 0.78 (0.16–3.94) | 0.761 | ||
| 24 | 3 | 1 | 0.68 (0.13–3.69) | 0.660 | ||
| Intravenous drugs use | ||||||
| Yes | 202 | 80 | 0.73 (0.45–1.18) | 0.193 | 0.88 (0.49–1.59) | 0.682 |
| No | 66 | 36 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Intravenous infusates use | ||||||
| Yes | 189 | 62 | 0.48 (0.31–0.75) | 0.001 | 0.47 (0.28–0.79) | 0.005 |
| No | 79 | 54 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Blood products use | ||||||
| Yes | 37 | 15 | 0.93 (0.49–1.77) | 0.82 | ||
| No | 231 | 101 | 1 | |||
NB AIDS, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, AOR adjusted odds ratio, COR crude odds ratio, CI confidence interval, CKD chronic kidney disease, HIV human immune deficiency virus, PIVC peripheral intravenous catheter