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. 2021 Jul 13;21:215. doi: 10.1186/s12911-021-01572-0

Table 6.

Summary of number of health outcome measures directly and indirectly related to the COS for clinical trials in non-specific low back pain

COS Directly related outcomes Indirectly related outcomes
Pain intensity 6 3
Physical functioning 8 0
Health-related quality of life 0 33
Number of deaths 0 0
Totals (%) 14 (28%) 36 (72%)