Abraham 2004b.

Methods	Randomised trial with concurrent eligible patients outside of the RCT. The eligible but non‐RCT patients were not in the RCT because of patients preference for no sedation (135 patients) or patients refused (27 patients). Adult ambulatory patients scheduled to undergo diagnostic upper endoscopy. There was no losses to follow up.
Data	Characteristics of non‐RCT patients compared to RCT patients who received the same treatment not presented. 50 RCT patients who received placebo and 135 non‐RCT patients who received nothing.
Comparisons	Two RCT arms, both arms were compared with similarly treated eligible non‐RCT patients. The Sedation patients received standard parenteral sedation (titrated doses of midazolam and/or meperidine). The placebo group received saline and the non‐RCT group nothing.
Outcomes	Clinical outcomes were assessed in all patients and they were followed up for 24 hours. Main outcome in this study was patient self reported satisfaction.
Notes	?