Table 3.
Multinomial Logistic Regression of the Latent Coping Pattern Subtypes
| Low coping vs. High coping | Medium coping vs. High coping | Low coping vs. Medium coping | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | p | OR | 95% CI | P | |
| Caregiver characteristics | |||||||||
| Age | 1.01 | 0.96–1.05 | .788 | 0.98 | 0.95–1.02 | .341 | 1.02 | 0.98–1.07 | .281 |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 7.17 | 1.25–41.05 | .027 | 5.91 | 1.10–31.70 | .038 | 1.21 | 0.27–5.40 | .801 |
| Female | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| Ethnicity | |||||||||
| Chinese | Ref | ||||||||
| Malay | 0.93 | 0.27–3.17 | .910 | 0.52 | 0.18–1.50 | .225 | 1.80 | 0.51–6.35 | .358 |
| Indian and others | 0.81 | 0.19–3.47 | .776 | 0.31 | 0.08–1.19 | .088 | 2.58 | 0.47–14.22 | .277 |
| Education level | |||||||||
| Secondary or below (include N/O level) | 0.41 | 0.17–1.02 | .055 | 0.64 | 0.30–1.34 | .235 | 0.65 | 0.27–1.57 | .338 |
| Diploma (including A-level and polytechnic) | 0.29 | 0.11–0.79 | .016 | 1.09 | 0.50–2.37 | .830 | 0.27 | 0.10–0.70 | .007 |
| Degree or above | Ref | ||||||||
| Marital status | |||||||||
| Single | 1.05 | 0.43–2.55 | .920 | 0.55 | 0.27–1.11 | .097 | 1.90 | 0.78–4.63 | .161 |
| Married/divorced/widowed | Ref | ||||||||
| Employment status | |||||||||
| Unemployed (including retired and housewife) | 1.63 | 0.70–3.82 | .261 | 2.09 | 1.04–4.21 | .038 | 0.78 | 0.34–1.80 | .557 |
| Employed | Ref | Ref | |||||||
| Caregiving-related variables | |||||||||
| Relationship to the PWD | |||||||||
| Spouse | Ref | ||||||||
| Son | 0.16 | 0.02–1.12 | .065 | 0.46 | 0.08–2.80 | .400 | 0.34 | 0.06–1.85 | .213 |
| Daughter | 0.77 | 0.19–3.17 | .718 | 2.41 | 0.60–9.66 | .214 | 0.32 | 0.07–1.57 | .160 |
| Others | 0.34 | 0.07–1.80 | .206 | 2.28 | 0.49–10.71 | .296 | 0.15 | 0.03–0.86 | .033 |
| Living arrangement | |||||||||
| Together with the PWD | 1.05 | 0.41–2.66 | .920 | 1.78 | 0.83–3.81 | .139 | 0.59 | 0.24–1.46 | .253 |
| Separately from the PWD | Ref | ||||||||
| Have a domestic helper | |||||||||
| Yes | 1.93 | 0.86–4.31 | .111 | 1.44 | 0.73–2.87 | .295 | 1.33 | 0.60–2.97 | .481 |
| No | Ref | ||||||||
| Duration of illness (months) | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | .690 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.00 | .222 | 1.00 | 1.00–1.01 | .476 |
| Weekly caregiving hours | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | .443 | 0.99 | 0.99–1.00 | .065 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.01 | .471 |
| Functional dependence of PWD | 0.95 | 0.85–1.06 | .339 | 1.01 | 0.92–1.12 | .772 | 0.93 | 0.84–1.04 | .222 |
| Memory and behavioral problems of PWD | 1.16 | 1.01–1.33 | .038 | 1.07 | 0.96–1.19 | .223 | 1.08 | 0.94–1.24 | .269 |
| Caregiving burden | 0.91 | 0.88–0.94 | <.0001 | 1.00 | 0.98–1.02 | .837 | 0.91 | 0.88–0.94 | <.0001 |
Note: CI = confidence interval; OR = odds ratio; PWD = persons with dementia.