Table 1.

Function of exosomes in progression and peritoneal metastasis.

Exosomal cargo	Donor cells	Recipient cells	Role/Mechanism	Ref.
miR-27a	Gastric cancer	Stroma fibroblasts	Tumorigenesis and metastasis/CSRP2	(15)
BMP	Gastric cancer	Pericytes	Metastasis/PI3K and MEK pathway	(16)
TGF-β	Gastric cancer	MSCs	Metastasis/Smad	(17)
TRIM3/ ZFAS1	Gastric cancer	Gastric cancer	Growth and metastasis/EMT	(18, 19)
circNRIP1	Serum	Gastric cancer	metastasis/miR-149-5p-AKT-mTOR	(20)
\	Gastric cancer	PMCs	MMT/ERK pathway	(21)
miR-21-5p	Gastric cancer	PMCs	MMT/TGF-β pathway	(22)
miR-106a	Gastric cancer	PMCs	Apoptosis/SMAD7	(23)
Wnt3a	Gastric cancer	PMCs	Tumor invasion	(24)
VEGF,TIMP-1,IL6,IL8,FGF	Gastric cancer	Endothelial cell	Angiogenesis	(25, 26)
miR-130a	Gastric cancer	Endothelial cell	Angiogenesis/c-MYB	(27)
miR-135b/155	Gastric cancer	Endothelial cell	Angiogenesis/FOXO1/3	(28, 29)
MET	Gastric cancer	macrophage	Proinflammatory environment/ NF-κB /IL-1β	(30, 31)
\	Gastric cancer	PD1+TAMs	Immunosuppression/IL10	(32)
\	Gastric cancer	MSCs	Inflammatory environment/ NF-κB	(33)
miR-107	Gastric cancer	MDSCs	Immunosuppression/DICER1,PTEN	(34)
miR-451	Gastric cancer	Th17	Angiogenesis/mTOR	(35)
HMGB1	Gastric cancer	neutrophils	Migration/ NF-κB	(36)
\	Gastric cancer	CD8+Tcell	Immunosuppression/cytokine	(37)
\	CAF	Gastric cancer	Invasion/MMP2	(38)
\	Gastric cancer	PMCs	Adhesion/fibronectin,laminin gamma10	(39)
CD44H,CD44v6	Gastric cancer	Gastric cancer	Growth,angiogenesis	(40)
Let-7 miRNA	AZ-P7a	Gastric cancer	,Tumorigenesisi, PM	(41)
TGF-β,Wnt3,HIFα,Src	Gastric cancer	Stromal cell	MMT	(42)
miR-139	CAF	Gastric cancer	Growth and metastasis/MMP11	(43)
ApoE	TAMs	Gastric cancer	Migration/PI3K-AKT	(44)
IL6,IL8,ICAM1,GRO	Omentum	Gastric cancer	Progression/metastasis	(45–48)
miR-544-5p	PLF	PMCs	MMT/PLZF	(49)
\	MA	PMCs/GC	Metastasis/ MMT, EMT	(50, 51)