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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nutr Clin Pract. 2021 Mar 18;36(2):275–281. doi: 10.1002/ncp.10643

TABLE 1.

Comparison of barriers to use in existing IC vs new-generation IC device

Barriers Past/existing IC technologya New-generation IC deviceb
Setup and measurement time 45→60 minutes ~10–15 minutes
Calibration time Extensive calibration time Complicated external calibration often required Minimal calibration timeSelf-calibrating
Size Bulky, large device Lightweight, portable, easy to transport
- Variable validation, accuracy, and reliability by device---27,28,31 Accuracy validated via mass spectrometry33,34
Patient-use flexibility Typically limited to ventilated patients in ICU only Use in ventilated and spontaneously breathing patients in and out of ICU
FIO2 limits of accuracy ≤60% FiO2 ≤70% FIO2
Potential PEEP limits Suggested: <10–12 <16 (per Longitudinal Energy Expenditure and Metabolic Effects in Patients With COVID-19 [LEEP-COVID] data)37

FIO2, fraction of inspired oxygen; FiOs, xxxx; IC, indirect calorimetry; ICU, intensive care unit; LEEP-COVID, xxxx; PEEP, positive end-expiratory pressure.

a

Some data from Graf et al,28 De Waele et al,29 Kaviani et al,31 and Oshima et al.32

b

Some data from QNRG+Technical Brochure- (COSMED, Inc). (website: https://www.cosmed.com/hires/Q-NRG+_brochure_A3_C04672-22-93_EN_web.pdf) Accessed 03/04/2021