Table 2.
General characteristics of participants according to MMSE score
| Characteristics | MMSE | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n=275) |
19∼24 (n=79) |
≥25 (n=196) |
||
| Sex | 0.606 | |||
| Men | 104 (37.8) | 28 (35.4) | 76 (38.8) | |
| Women | 171 (62.2) | 51 (64.6) | 120 (61.2) | |
| Age (yrs) | 65.7±9.4 | 70.5±9.5 | 63.8±9.2 | <0.001 |
| 50∼64 | 130 (47.3) | 19 (24.1) | 111 (56.6) | |
| 65∼74 | 97 (35.3) | 35 (44.3) | 62 (31.6) | |
| ≥75 | 48 (17.5) | 25 (31.6) | 23 (11.7) | |
| Education | <0.001 | |||
| Illiterate | 115 (41.8) | 49 (62.0) | 66 (33.7) | |
| Junior high school | 42 (15.3) | 6 (7.6) | 36 (18.4) | |
| High school | 80 (29.1) | 19 (24.1) | 61 (31.1) | |
| Above | 38 (13.8) | 5 (6.3) | 33 (16.8) | |
| Inhabitation | 0.001 | |||
| Alone | 192 (69.8) | 44 (55.7) | 148 (75.5) | |
| With spouse | 83 (30.2) | 35 (44.3) | 48 (24.5) | |
| Self-reported health status1) | 0.024 | |||
| Poor | 64 (23.8) | 26 (32.9) | 38 (20.0) | |
| Good or fair | 205 (76.2) | 53 (67.1) | 152 (80.0) | |
| Medication (yes) | 205 (74.5) | 68 (86.1) | 137 (69.9) | 0.005 |
| Current disease (yes) | 195 (70.9) | 62 (78.5) | 133 (67.9) | 0.079 |
| Self-reported dental condition | 0.145 | |||
| Very good or good | 184 (66.9) | 58 (73.4) | 126 (64.3) | |
| Very poor or poor | 91 (33.1) | 21 (26.6) | 70 (35.7) | |
| Sleep duration (h/d) | 0.002 | |||
| <4 | 17 (6.2) | 11 (13.9) | 6 (3.1) | |
| 4∼6 | 126 (45.8) | 40 (50.6) | 86 (43.9) | |
| 6∼8 | 121 (44.0) | 26 (32.9) | 95 (48.5) | |
| ≥8 | 11 (4.0) | 2 (2.5) | 9 (4.6) | |
| Alcohol consumption (yes) | 107 (38.9) | 23 (29.1) | 86 (43.9) | 0.024 |
| Smoking (yes) | 213 (77.5) | 66 (83.5) | 147 (75.0) | 0.125 |
| Physical activity in leisure time | 0.083 | |||
| No | 131 (47.6) | 46 (58.2) | 85 (43.4) | |
| Usually | 88 (32.0) | 20 (25.3) | 68 (34.7) | |
| Yes | 56 (20.4) | 13 (16.5) | 43 (21.9) | |
| Breakfast frequency (weekly, times) | 0.969 | |||
| 5∼7 | 257 (93.5) | 74 (93.7) | 183 (93.4) | |
| 3∼4 | 10 (3.6) | 3 (3.8) | 7 (3.6) | |
| ≤2 | 8 (2.9) | 2 (2.5) | 6 (3.1) | |
| Nutritional supplements (usually or yes) | 229 (83.3) | 63 (79.7) | 166 (84.7) | 0.320 |
| SGDS1) | <0.001 | |||
| Normal (≤4) | 197 (76.4) | 32 (47.8) | 165 (86.4) | |
| Mild or moderate (5∼11) | 40 (15.5) | 20 (29.9) | 20 (10.5) | |
| Severe (≥12) | 21 (8.1) | 15 (22.4) | 6 (3.1) | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.7±3.8 | 23.6±3.6 | 23.8±3.9 | 0.702 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 117.4±12.9 | 120.1±14.7 | 116.4±11.0 | 0.024 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 75.8±11.5 | 77.8±12.5 | 75.0±10.4 | 0.056 |
Values are expressed as the number of participants for each category (%) or mean±standard deviation.
MMSE, mini-mental state examination; SGDS, short geriatric depression scale; BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.
1)The response base differs because there are cases of irrelevant responses or no responses.
P-values were obtained from chi-square test for categorical variables.