Stimuli used in experiment 1. Stimuli were sequences of contiguous tone pips (50 ms) with frequencies drawn from a pool of 20 fixed values. The tone pips were arranged according to frequency patterns, generated anew for each subject and on each trial. REG sequences were generated by randomly selecting 5 (REG5), 10 (REG10), or 15 (REG15) frequencies from the pool and iterating that sequence to create a regular repeating pattern. A, Example of a spectrogram for REG5, dotted lines indicate the first three cycles. RAND sequences were generated by randomly sampling 5 (RAND5), 10 (RAND10), or 15 (RAND15) frequencies with replacement. B, Example of a spectrogram for RAND10. A subset of trials were target trials containing a gap generated by the removal of two (REG) or three (RAND) tones, indicated by the dark blue band in the spectrogram.