Table 2.
Comparison of Pulmonary Function Tests Between the Control Group and Post-COVID-19 Patients After Three Months from Recovery
| Pulmonary Function Tests | Control (N= 30) |
COVID-19 (N= 20) |
P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Spirometry (mean ± SD) | |||
| FVC (Liters) | 4.05 ± 0.78 | 3.27 ± 0.90 | 0.002 |
| FVC %PRED (%) | 91.20 ± 11.92 | 83.30 ± 13.34 | 0.033 |
| FEV1 (Liters) | 3.25 ± 0.61 | 2.68 ± 0.67 | 0.003 |
| FEV1%PRED (%) | 94.30 ± 12.05 | 90.30 ± 12.78 | 0.267 |
| FEF25–75% (L/sec) | 3.16 ± 1.02 | 3.09 ± 0.68 | 0.795 |
| FEF25–75%PRED (%) | 85.10 ± 24.05 | 95.35 ± 18.63 | 0.114 |
| PEF (L/sec) | 7.89 ± 1.49 | 6.10 ± 1.69 | 0.000 |
| PEF %PRED (%) | 99.00 ± 14.44 | 85.50 ± 23.18 | 0.014 |
| FEV1/FVC (%) | 80.43 ± 6.99 | 82.55 ± 5.82 | 0.266 |
| Lung volumes (mean ± SD) | |||
| TLC (Liters) | 5.89 ± 1.40 | 4.81 ± 1.12 | 0.008 |
| TLC %PRED (%) | 99.92 ± 19.50 | 89.11 ± 12.81 | 0.041 |
| VC (Liters) | 4.15 ± 0.82 | 3.34 ± 0.91 | 0.002 |
| VC %PRED (%) | 92.76 ± 12.49 | 84.95 ± 13.33 | 0.042 |
| IC (Liters) | 3.47 ± 1.28 | 2.67 ± 0.59 | 0.014 |
| IC %PRED (%) | 110.76 ± 24.41 | 105.05 ± 20.38 | 0.403 |
| ERV(Liters) | 0.95 ± 0.51 | 0.99 ± 0.83 | 0.849 |
| ERV %PRED (%) | 65.30 ± 33.47 | 61.00 ± 38.71 | 0.705 |
| Raw cm H2O/L/sec median (IQR) | 0.36 (0.22) | 0.37 (0.22) | 0.108 |
| Raw % PRED median (IQR) | 243.50 (143) | 231.50 (96) | 0.796 |
| FeNO ppb median (IQR) | 19 (15) | 16 (18) | 0.468 |
| Diffusion capacity (mean ± SD) | |||
| DLCO (mmol/kPa.min) | 8.33 ± 1.94 | 6.49 ± 2.28 | 0.004 |
| DLCO PRED (%) | 92.10 ± 15.83 | 87.95 ± 18.62 | 0.411 |
Notes: Data are presented as mean ± SD and median (IQR); data in bold indicates significant P value (< 0.05).
Abbreviations: FVC, forced vital capacity; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FEF25–75%, forced expiratory flow at 25–75% of FVC; PEF, peak expiratory flow; TLC, total lung capacity; VC, vital capacity; IC, inspiratory capacity; ERV, Expiratory Reserve Volume; Raw, airway resistance; FeNO, fractional exhaled nitric oxide; DLCO, diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide.