. 2021 Jun 29;12:687622. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2021.687622

Table 4.

Summary of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) for nitrogen fertilization (N) and genotypic (G) effects on phenology (number of days from sowing to reach each of the phenological stages (upper part of the table) and mean values across cultivars with each stage (lower part of the table).

Traits	2017/18			2018/19
	Level of significance (ANOVA)
	N	G	N × G	N	G	N × G
Tillering	0.032^∗	0.721^ns	0.59^ns	0.344^ns	0.009^∗∗	0.775^ns
Stem elongation	0.834^ns	0.001^∗∗∗	0.83^ns	0.068^ns	0.000^∗∗∗	0.000^∗∗∗
Booting	0.530^ns	0.000^∗∗∗	0.39^ns	0.956^ns	0.000^∗∗∗	0.727^ns
Heading	0.149^ns	0.000^∗∗∗	0.23^ns	0.486^ns	0.000^∗∗∗	0.245^ns
Anthesis	0.400^ns	0.000^∗∗∗	0.04^*	0.301^ns	0.000^∗∗∗	0.478^ns
Middle grain filling	0.893^ns	0.000^∗∗∗	0.41^ns	0.384^ns	0.000^∗∗∗	0.719^ns
PEG	0.844^ns	0.145^ns	0.73^ns	0.129^ns	0.000^∗∗∗	0.000^∗∗∗
	Significance of the mean ± standard deviation of nitrogen fertilization levels
	N50	N100	N130	N50	N100	N130
Tillering	114 ± 5a	111 ± 3b	113 ± 4ab	97 ± 6a	98 ± 6a	99 ± 6a
Stem elongation	137 ± 7a	139 ± 6a	138 ± 6a	126 ± 7a	126 ± 7a	126 ± 7a
Booting	197 ± 6a	197 ± 5a	197 ± 5a	162 ± 4a	162 ± 5a	162 ± 5a
Heading	203 ± 6a	203 ± 5a	203 ± 6a	169 ± 4a	169 ± 4a	169 ± 5a
Anthesis	211 ± 4a	212 ± 5a	211 ± 4a	172 ± 3a	172 ± 3a	172 ± 3a
Middle grain filling	227 ± 5a	227 ± 5a	228 ± 5a	192 ± 5a	193 ± 2a	193 ± 1a
PEG	90 ± 7a	89 ± 5a	90 ± 7a	66 ± 9a	66 ± 6a	67 ± 6a

PEG, period between the beginning of stem elongation and middle grain filling. Phenological stages were determined visually according to the Zadoks scale (Zadoks et al., 1974). Means within the nitrogen levels followed by different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05) according to Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) test.

^ns

Levels of significance for the ANOVA: ns, not significant;

^∗

p < 0.05;

^∗∗

p < 0.01;

^∗∗∗

p < 0.001.