Table 3.

Culturally Specific Risk and Protective Factors Related to Wellness Identified in the Larger Study.

Risk and Protective Factors Across Ecological Levels
Community resilience (community-level risk and protective factors)
Cultural resilience (cultural-level risk and protective factors)
Effects of differing forms of adversity
Family resilience (family-level risk and protective factors)
Gender roles (this article)
Individual resilience (individual-level risk and protective factors)
Relational resilience (couple-level risk and protective factors)
Solutions to violence and substance abuse problems

Note. This study focuses on gender roles, specifically the expectations and roles identified for mothers.