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. 2021 Jul 8;16:4713–4737. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S314074

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© 2021 Motawea et al.

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The morphological changes of A549, and Hep-2 after treatment with pure AMD, NP₄, and PNP₄ for 72 h.

Notes: Control cells show normal morphology with typical viability, the AMD-treated cells are almost dead with an obvious decline in number, the NP₄-treated cells show a reduction in volume and cellular shrinkage, PNP₄ caused fewer morphological changes compared to NP₄ with some apoptotic characteristics and losing contact between neighboring cells. 100×.