Table 2.
Associations of moderate-to-large impact of post-COVID-19 regulations on overall behavior among children with ASD with income and food insecurity.a
| Odds Ratio | 95 % CI | P–value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Model I (N = 163) | |||
| Income | |||
| ≥$100K | (ref) | – | – |
| $50 K - >$100K | 1.52 | (0.59, 3.92) | 0.38 |
| <$50K | 4.07 | (1.50, 11.04) | 0.006 |
| Model II (N = 198) | |||
| Food insecurity | |||
| No | (ref) | – | – |
| Yes | 3.82 | (1.92, 7.62) | <0.001 |
| Model III (N = 162) | |||
| Income | |||
| ≥$100K | (ref) | – | – |
| $50 K - >$100K | 1.23 | (0.47, 3.25) | 0.67 |
| <$50K | 2.12 | (0.75, 6.03) | 0.16 |
| Food insecurity | |||
| No | (ref) | – | – |
| Yes | 3.19 | (1.42, 7.18) | 0.005 |
| Model IV (N = 120) | |||
| Sex | |||
| Female | (ref) | – | – |
| Male | 2.32 | (0.53, 10.17) | 0.28 |
| Age | 1.07 | (0.93, 1.23) | 0.33 |
| Minority race | 0.57 | (0.15, 2.09) | 0.35 |
| Shelter regulations | 0.40 | (0.10, 1.66) | 0.17 |
| Loss of employmentb | 3.46 | (0.84, 14.23) | 0.06 |
| Food resourcesc | 0.62 | (0.09, 4.02) | 0.61 |
| Income | |||
| ≥$100K | (ref) | – | – |
| $50 K - >$100K | 1.19 | (0.33, 4.25) | 0.87 |
| <$50K | 3.18 | (0.37, 27.54) | 0.27 |
| Food insecurity | |||
| No | (ref) | – | – |
| Yes | 3.84 | (1.05, 14.00) | 0.04 |
Bolded values = p<0.05.
a
Child overall behavior defined as none to small (ref) vs. moderate-to-large; logistic regression models with income prior to COVID-19 and food security post-onset of COVID-19.
b
Loss of employment or reduced pay for one or both caregivers.
c
Receiving food resources including, SNAP, WIC, food stamps, mobile meals, food pantry, school meals, meals for elderly, etc.