Table 2.
Echocardiographic, invasive, and procedural characteristics of the patient population (n = 20).
| All patients (n = 20) | Acute success (n = 15) | Acute failure (n = 5) | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Echocardiography | ||||
| LVEF [%] | 54.3 ± 14.6 (60.0) | 56.8 ± 13.7 (60) | 47.0 ± 16.7 (46) | 0.203 |
| RV FAC [%] | 35.0 ± 6.3 (33.5) | 35.1 ± 6.6 (33) | 34.8 ± 6.1 (37.5) | 0.95 |
| TV annulus [mm] | 45.5 ± 5.6 (45.0) | 43.9 ± 4.6 (44) | 50.0 ± 6.5 (50) | 0.032 |
| Coaptation depth [mm] | 7.4 ± 3.2 (7.0) | 6.7 ± 3.1 (6.8) | 9.8 ± 2.6 (11) | 0.056 |
| Tenting area [cm2] | 2.4 ± 1.0 (2.3) | 2.1 ± 0.9 (2.14) | 3.2 ± 1.0 (3.35) | 0.025 |
| TR vena contracta [mm] | 11.5 ± 4.3 (10.0) | 11.5 ± 4.2 (10) | 12.6 ± 4.6 (12) | 0.53 |
| EROA [cm2] | 0.73 ± 0.26 (0.76) | 0.71 ± 0.28 (0.76) | 0.78 ± 0.19 (0.80) | 0.59 |
| TR volume [mL/beat] | 59.7 ± 19.5 (59) | 58.6 ± 20.9 (59) | 62.8 ± 15.9 (61) | 0.68 |
| TR grade at baseline (5 stages): | 4.0 ± 0.8 (4) | 3.9 ± 0.8 (4) | 4.2 ± 0.8 (4) | 0.45 |
| Severe | 7 (35%) | 6 (40%) | 1 (20%) | 0.45 |
| Massive | 7 (35%) | 5 (33.3%) | 2 (40%) | |
| Torrential | 6 (30%) | 4 (26.7%) | 2 (40%) | |
| Main jet location: | 0.026 | |||
| Central | 11 (55%) | 9 (60%) | 2 (40%) | |
| Anteroseptal | 5 (25%) | 5 (33.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Anteroposterior | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Posteroseptal | 4 (20%) | 1 (6.7%) | 3 (60%) | |
| Invasive hemodynamics | ||||
| Systolic PP [mmHg] | 49.2 ± 12.8 (50.5) | 50.0 ± 12.3 (53) | 46.8 ± 15.8 (45) | 0.64 |
| Mean PP [mmHg] | 31.3 ± 7.5 (31.0) | 31.3 ± 6.8 (32) | 31.2 ± 10.2 (30) | 0.99 |
| Right atrial pressure [mmHg] | 12.9 ± 5.6 (14.0) | 12.6 ± 5.7 (12) | 13.6 ± 5.6 (15) | 0.74 |
| PCWP [mmHg] | 20.6 ± 5.6 (20.0) | 20.9 ± 5.3 (20) | 19.6 ± 7.1 (17) | 0.68 |
| CI [L/min/m2] | 2.2 ± 0.5 (2.3) | 2.2 ± 0.5 (2.2) | 2.2 ± 0.3 (2.4) | 0.92 |
| Tricuspid valve intervention | ||||
| Procedure duration [min] | 170.0 ± 75.8 (150.5) | 163.6 ± 65.6 (140) | 127.4 ± 60.9 (114) | 0.29 |
| Fluoroscopy time [min] | 18.8 ± 15.3 (15.4) | 19.5 ± 13.3 (16.2) | 17.1 ± 11.9 (12.1) | 0.73 |
| Total number of clips | 1.8 ± 0.8 (2) | 1.7 ± 0.6 (2) | 1.4 ± 1.1 (1) | 0.50 |
| Clip position: | 0.23 | |||
| Anteroseptal | 14 (70%) | 10 (66.7%) | 4 (20%) | |
| Posteroseptal | 2 (10%) | 2 (13.3%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Both | 3 (15%) | 3 (20%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Bleeding requiring transfusion | 2 (10%) | 1 (6.7%) | 1 (20%) | 0.20 |
| Acute renal failure | 3 (15%) | 2 (13.3%) | 1 (20%) | 0.73 |
| New dialysis | 1 (5%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (20%) | 0.08 |
Data are shown as mean ± standard deviation (median) or number (percentage). LVEF — left ventricular ejection fraction; RV FAC — right ventricle fractional area change; TV — tricuspid valve; TR — tricuspid regurgitation; EROA — effective regurgitation orifice area; PP — pulmonary pressure; PCWP — pulmonary capillary wedge pressure; CI — cardiac index