Table 2.

Course of SARS-CoV-2 and Ayurvedic intervention.

Day		Symptoms	Ayurvedic Therapy
Case 1
1		Afebrile, cough 4–5 times a day, semi-solid stools	Pippalyadi Churna [16], Dhanwantara Gutika [[17], Gutika Yogam/29], Sudarsan Churna tablets [18], Kutajarishta [[19], Atisara Prakaranam/174–177]
2		am: Afebrile; pm: 99 °F (37.2 °C)	Medications as above
3–5		Afebrile, heaviness, ↓uo, ↑wt, nl appetite, semi-solid stools	Bharngyadi Kashaya [[17], Kashaya Yoga/29], Gokshura decoction [[20], Purva Khanda, 6/44–46], Dadimashtaka Churna [[7], Chikitsa Sthana, 9/113–115]
6–7		↑loose stools, ↑uo, supine cough; (−) fever/pain/phlegm/dyspnea, ↑wt (1.2 kg)	Discontinued Pippalyadi Churna
8		Afebrile	Discontinued Ayurvedic medications
Case 2
1		Cough, dyspnea, loose stools, nausea & vomiting, drowsiness	Vyaghryadi Kwatha [[7], Chikitsa Sthana 1/61], Swasakutara Ras [[19], Hikka Swasa/44–45], Talisadi Churna [[8], Chikitsa Sthana 8/145–148], Sudarsan Churna tablets [18], Dhanwantara Gutika [[17], Gutika Yogam/29], Vayu Gutika [[17], Gutika Yogam/56]
2–5		↓drowsiness, ↓cough, SpO2 88%–94%	Continued above medications
6		Weakness & other symptoms resolved	Admitted to a hospital for observation
Case 3
1		Wet cough, belly pain, loose stools	Dadimashtaka Churna [[7], Chikitsa Sthana, 9/113–115], Kutajarishta [[19], Atisara Prakaranam/174–177], Talisadi Churna [[8], Chikitsa Sthana 8/145–148]
2		Loose stools resolved	Discontinued Dadimashtaka churna
3		pm: 99.5 °F (37.5 °C)	No change in therapy
4		pm: 100 °F (37.7 °C)	Discontinued Kutajarishta, added Bharngyadi Kashaya [[17], Kashaya Yoga/29], Dhanwantara Gutika [[17], Gutika Yogam/29]. Sudarsan Churna tablets [18]
5		No symptoms	No change in therapy
6		Mild phlegm	Ashwagandhadi Churna [[17], Churna Prakarana/8], Dasamularishta [[17], Arishta Prakarana/13]
Case 4
1	Frequent cough, mild fever		Bharngyadi Kashaya [[17], Kashaya Yoga/29], Talisadi Churna [[8], Chikitsa Sthana 8/145–148], Sudarsan churna tablets [18], Dhanwantara Gutika [[17], Gutika Yogam/29], Vettumaran Gutika [[17], Gutika Yogam/60]
2	Same as above		Medications as above
3–7	Afebrile, felt well		Medications as above
8–15	Persistent headache & low-grade fever in am & pm		Guduchi Kashaya [[20], Purva khanda, 6/8–10], Sudarsan churna Tablet [18], Dhanwantara Gutika [[17], Gutika Yogam/29], Talisadi Churna [[8], Chikitsa Sthana 8/145–148], Rasnadi Churna [[17], Churna Kalpana/71]
16	Afebrile, mild cough, active		Milk and ghee were added to diet [[8], Chikitsa Sthana 3/164–165, 167–168]
17	Afebrile, dramatic ↓ in cough		Indukanta ghrita [[17], Ghrita Kalpana/16]
Case 5
1		Fever 102 °F (38.8 °C), continuous cough, semi-solid stools	Bharngyadi Kashaya [[17], Kashaya Yoga/29], Sudarsan Churna Tablets (19), Dhanwantara Gutika (18) Vettumaran Gutika (30) with ginger juice and honey, Talisadi Churna (26),
2		am: No fever, pm: 100 °F (37.7 °C)	Medications as above
3		Temperature at 4 am: 100 °F (37.7 °C) SpO2 : 79% 11.30AM: Patient stable. sleeplessness, inability to cough freely, and an obstruction in the chest, diminished appetite	An extra dose of Vettumaran Gutika [[17], Gutika Yogam/60] was given, and in half an hour the SpO2 became 92% Add: Kanakasava (35), Swasakutara Ras [[19], Hikka Swasa/44–45]
4		Afebrile. Loss of appetite, sleeplessness and constriction in the chest persist	Medications as above, Advised to add Ghee and Milk in diet [[8], Chikitsa Sthana 3/164–165, 167–168]
5		Fever am: 100.4 °F (38 °C) SpO 2 drops to 81% if he passes bowel or urinates, and climbs to 90% in 1 h, stabilises at 95% pm: 99 °F (37.2 °C)	Medications and diet as above
6		Afebrile. SpO2 drops to 89% if he passes bowel or urinates, and climbs to 95% and stabilises in 1 h. Constriction in the throat and chest, shortness of breath.	Medications and diet as above
7		Well. Afebrile. Constriction in the throat and chest persist.	Ashwagandhadi Churna [[17], Churna Prakarana/8], Indukantha Ghrita [[17], Ghrita Kalpana/16], Dadimadi Ghrita [[7], Chikitsa Sthana 16/2–4], Swasakutara Ras [[19], Hikka Swasa/44–45] Dasamularishta [[17], Arishta Prakarana/13]
8–13		Patient recovering well. Mild breathlessness after passing urine/bowel, or after yawning or sneezing. It has reduced by 90% after the 2nd prescription	Medications as above
13		RT-PCR for COVID was negative
Case 6
1		Temp: 101 °F (38.3 °C) −102 °F (38.8 °C), mild body pain, SpO2: 89-90 Loss of appetite	Vyaghryadi Kwatha [[7], Chikitsa Sthana 1/61], Sudarshan Churna tablets [18], Dhanvantara gutika [[17], Gutika Yogam/29], Vettumaran gutika [[17], Gutika Yogam/60] Swasakutara ras [[19], Hikka Swasa/44–45], Kanakasavam [[19], Hikka Swasa/115–119] Talisadi churna [[8], Chikitsa Sthana 8/145–148]
4		Temp-100 °F (37.7 °C) SpO2 went to 76%, unable to lie down, breathless. Prescribed SOS and muhur and SpO2 increased to 89%.	Dasamoola Rasayana [21], Vidaryadi ghrita [[7], Chikitsa Sthana, 3/10], Dasamoolarishta [[17], Arishta Prakarana/13]. S.O.S: Kanakasava, Swasakutara ras and Dasamoola rasayana Diet: Milk and ghee [[8], Chikitsa Sthana 3/164–165, 167–168]
5		Temp-98.8 °F (37.1 °C) Bowel movement, SpO2: 88%–89%	Added: Indukantha ghritha [[17], Ghrita Kalpana/16] with Talisadi churna [[8], Chikitsa Sthana 8/145–148] instead of Vidaryadi ghrita [[7], Chikitsa Sthana, 3/10], Combination drug: Svarna Vasanta Malati Ras [[19], Jwara Chikitsa/1205–1207], Yashtimadhu [[20], Purva khanda 6/145–146], Laghu Sutasekara ras [22], Abhraka bhasma (1000 puta) [23] and Pravala Panchamrita [[19], Gulma Roga Adhikara/116–120]: 5 gm divided into ten doses and mixed in honey given every one and half hours.
8–11		Temp: 100.6 °F (38.1 °C) to 99 °F (37.2 °C), SpO2: 79 to 90	Medicines as above
12–20		Temp-Normal. SpO2 gradually increased to 91%. All the other symptoms gradually improved..	Medicines as above
Case 7
1		Temp: am: 100 °F(37.7 °C), pm: 101.5 °F (38.6) Body pain and heaviness of the head.	Bharngyadi Kashaya [[17], Kashaya Yoga/29], Sudarshan Churna tablets [18], Dhanvantara Gutika [[17], Gutika Yogam/29], Vettumaran gutika [[17], Gutika Yogam/60]
2		Temp: am:100 °F (37.7 °C), pm: 101 °F (38.3 °C)	Medicines as above
3		Temp: am: 99.4 °F (37.4 °C), pm: 101.6 °F (38.6 °C)	Medicines as above
4		Temp: am: 100.6 °F (38.1 °C), pm: 102 °F (38.8 °C) Breathlessness, SpO2- 80%, blood streaked sputum, cold extremities, watery loose stools - 5/day	Add: Dadimashtaka Churna [[7], Chikitsa Sthana, 9/113–115] in honey, pomegranate, Kutajarishta [[19], Atisara Prakaranam/174–177]
5		Temp: 101.5 °F (38.6 °C) Breathless, severe weakness and restlessness. Watery loose stools persisted SPO2-80%–83%,	Added Swasakutara Ras [[19], Hikka Swasa/44–45]
6		Temp: am: 100 °F (37.7 °C), pm: 100.7 °F (38.1 °C), SPO2-75% Watery loose stool- twice, pasty stool- once Note: Patient was given portable oxygen support. With the help of the support it increased only to 77% without significant impact.	Combination drug: Svarna Vasanta Malati Ras [[19], Jwara Chikitsa/1205–1207], Yashtimadhu [[20], Purva khanda 6/145–146], Laghu Sutasekara ras [22], Abhraka bhasma (1000 puta) [23] and Pravala Panchamrita [[19], Gulma Roga Adhikara/116–120]: 5 gm divided into ten doses and mixed in honey given every one and half hours.
7		Temp: am: 100.3 °F (37.9 °C), pm: 99.4 °F (37.4 °C) Pasty stool in the evening	Medicines as Above
8		Temp: am: 100.1 °F (37.8 °C), pm: 98.6 (37 °C) All of the symptoms persisted.	Medicines as above.
9		Afebrile, stool: well formed, breathlessness persisted, phlegm with mild blood streak	Added Ashta Churna [[7], Chikitsa Sthana, 15/35]
10		Afebrile, 1 pasty stool in the day, SpO2 - 88%	Medicines as above
11		SpO2: 88%–89%, stools: well formed.	Medicines as above
12–17		SpO2 gradually increased up to 93%. Each day there was an ↑ in SpO2 by one point. All the other symptoms dramatically ↓	Medicines as above

↓ decrease, ↑ increase, nl: normal, -: no, uo: urine output, wt: weight, SpO₂: oxygen saturation.