Table A1.

Role of Educational Attainment on Relationship Between Number of Grades Suspended and Odds of Incarceration.

	Model 1			Model 2
	β	SE	OR	β	SE	OR
Number of grades suspended	0.23	0.11*	1.26	0.18	0.11	1.20
Demographic controls
Age (in years) at Round 1	−2.33	1.35	0.10	−2.19	1.30	0.11
Age (in years) at Round 1 squared	0.08	0.05	1.08	0.07	0.04	1.08
Male	2.59	0.26***	13.29	2.41	0.25***	11.08
Race/ethnicity (ref. = non-Hispanic White)
Non-Hispanic Black	0.34	0.22	1.41	0.37	0.21	1.44
Hispanic	0.08	0.26	1.08	0.11	0.25	1.11
Married	−1.10	0.28***	0.33	−1.01	0.28***	0.37
Number of biological children	0.27	0.08***	1.31	0.22	0.07**	1.25
Criminal and delinquent controls
Log(crime)	0.13	0.04***	1.14	0.12	0.04***	1.13
Respondent teen gang participation	0.76	0.22***	2.13	0.62	0.21**	1.85
Most peers belong in gang	−0.01	0.09	0.99	−0.05	0.09	0.95
Delinquent peers	0.18	0.11	1.20	0.16	0.11	1.18
Socioeconomic controls
Educational attainment (ref. = high school)
Less than high school	-	-	-	0.97	0.19***	2.64
Some college or morea	-	-	-	−0.75	0.26*	0.47
Income (in 1997 dollars)	0.00	0.00*	1.00	0.00	0.00	1.00
Mother’s education (ref. = high school)
Less than high school	0.03	0.22	1.03	−0.18	0.21	0.83
Some college	−0.69	0.27*	0.50	−0.58	0.26*	0.56
Bachelor’s degree or more	−0.15	0.32	0.86	0.15	0.32	1.17
Contextual controls
Living in the South	−0.11	0.18	0.89	−0.20	0.18	0.82
Family routines	0.04	0.02	1.04	0.04	0.02	1.04
School bonds	−0.08	0.05	0.93	−0.05	0.04	0.95
Random intercept	8.71	9.99	6,059.13	7.73	9.66	2,279.45
χ2	602.39***			533.00***
Percent of within-person variation	62.26			59.59

Note. n = 2,710. OR = Odds Ratio. Educational attainment categories “some college” and “bachelor’s degree or more” collapsed due to small cell sizes.

^*p < .05.

^**p < .01.

^***p < .001.