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. 2021 Jun 29;9:645376. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.645376

Table 4.

Affect and alcohol patterns at time point 1 by social class (n = 799).

Working New worker Emerging middle Established middle New middle Emerging affluent Established affluent p-value
Fearful or anxious 0.031
No 107 (61.1%) 58 (55.8%) 26 (47.3%) 64 (72.7%) 97 (59.5%) 65 (67.0%) 64 (54.7%)
Yes 68 (38.9%) 46 (44.2%) 29 (52.7%) 24 (27.3%) 66 (40.5%) 32 (33.0%) 53 (45.3%)
Depression 0.046
No 144 (82.3%) 79 (76.0%) 38 (69.1%) 76 (86.4%) 118 (72.4%) 75 (77.3%) 84 (71.8%)
Yes 31 (17.7%) 25 (24.0%) 17 (30.9%) 12 (13.6%) 45 (27.6%) 22 (22.7%) 33 (28.2%)
More connected with people 0.15
No 149 (85.1%) 84 (80.8%) 49 (89.1%) 80 (90.9%) 131 (80.4%) 79 (81.4%) 91 (77.8%)
Yes 26 (14.9%) 20 (19.2%) 6 (10.9%) 8 (9.1%) 32 (19.6%) 18 (18.6%) 26 (22.2%)
Isolated/lonely 0.33
No 128 (73.1%) 68 (65.4%) 37 (67.3%) 69 (78.4%) 108 (66.3%) 72 (74.2%) 82 (70.1%)
Yes 47 (26.9%) 36 (34.6%) 18 (32.7%) 19 (21.6%) 55 (33.7%) 25 (25.8%) 35 (29.9%)
Hopeful about the future 0.45
No 135 (77.1%) 80 (76.9%) 47 (85.5%) 67 (76.1%) 136 (83.4%) 76 (78.4%) 98 (83.8%)
Yes 40 (22.9%) 24 (23.1%) 8 (14.5%) 21 (23.9%) 27 (16.6%) 21 (21.6%) 19 (16.2%)
A reduced sense of control 0.007
No 135 (77.1%) 60 (57.7%) 32 (58.2%) 59 (67.0%) 115 (70.6%) 62 (63.9%) 71 (60.7%)
Yes 40 (22.9%) 44 (42.3%) 23 (41.8%) 29 (33.0%) 48 (29.4%) 35 (36.1%) 46 (39.3%)
Pessimism about the future 0.15
No 140 (80.0%) 70 (67.3%) 40 (72.7%) 67 (76.1%) 129 (79.1%) 73 (75.3%) 81 (69.2%)
Yes 35 (20.0%) 34 (32.7%) 15 (27.3%) 21 (23.9%) 34 (20.9%) 24 (24.7%) 36 (30.8%)
Uncertainty <0.001
No 91 (52.0%) 32 (30.8%) 15 (27.3%) 40 (45.5%) 45 (27.6%) 37 (38.1%) 36 (30.8%)
Yes 84 (48.0%) 72 (69.2%) 40 (72.7%) 48 (54.5%) 118 (72.4%) 60 (61.9%) 81 (69.2%)
Total AUDIT-C score—wave 1, median (IQR) 3 (2, 5) 3 (2, 4) 3 (2, 4) 3 (2, 5) 3 (2, 5) 3 (1, 4) 3.5 (2, 5) 0.18

Percentages may not total 100 due to rounding.