Table 2.
Marginalized means and between–user group differences for website usage and mean daily step count and logging between January 1 and December 31, 2018.
| Website usage parameters, step counts, and step log entriesa,b by group | Value, mean (95% CI) | Between-group coefficient (95% CI) | P valuec | |
| Total number of sessionsd,e | ||||
|
|
Website Only | 18.8 (18.4 to 19.1) | Reference category | N/Af |
|
|
App Only | 11.9 (11.2 to 12.6) | −6.9 (−7.6 to −6.2) | <.001 |
|
|
Fitbit Only | 29.4 (27.7 to 31.1) | 10.6 (8.8 to 12.3) | <.001 |
|
|
Web and App | 20.2 (19.2 to 21.3) | 1.5 (0.4 to 2.6) | .01 |
|
|
Fitbit Combination | 26.8 (25.1 to 28.5) | 8.0 (6.2 to 9.7) | <.001 |
| Minutes per sessiond,e | ||||
|
|
Website Only | 5.9 (5.8 to 6.0) | Reference category | N/A |
|
|
App Only | 5.2 (5.0 to 5.5) | −0.7 (−0.9 to −0.4) | <.001 |
|
|
Fitbit Only | 5.4 (5.2 to 5.6) | −0.5 (−0.7 to −0.2) | <.001 |
|
|
Web and App | 5.9 (5.7 to 6.1) | 0.1 (−0.1 to 0.3) | .54 |
|
|
Fitbit Combination | 6.1 (5.9 to 6.3) | 0.2 (0.0 to 0.5) | .03 |
| Total number of page viewse | ||||
|
|
Website Only | 132.3 (130.2 to 134.3) | Reference category | N/A |
|
|
App Only | 62.8 (59.7 to 65.8) | −69.5 (−72.9 to −66.1) | <.001 |
|
|
Fitbit Only | 179.9 (171.3 to 188.5) | 47.6 (38.8 to 56.5) | <.001 |
|
|
Web and App | 123.6 (118.4 to 128.8) | −8.6 (-14.2 to −3.1) | .002 |
|
|
Fitbit Combination | 183.0 (175.1 to 191.0) | 50.8 (42.5 to 59.0) | <.001 |
| Number of pages viewed per sessiond,e | ||||
|
|
Website Only | 9.0 (8.9 to 9.1) | Reference category | N/A |
|
|
App Only | 6.8 (6.6 to 7.0) | −2.2 (−2.4 to −2.0) | <.001 |
|
|
Fitbit Only | 7.9 (7.6 to 8.1) | −1.2 (−1.4 to −0.9) | <.001 |
|
|
Web and App | 8.0 (7.8 to 8.2) | −1.0 (−1.2 to −0.8) | <.001 |
|
|
Fitbit Combination | 8.9 (8.7 to 9.1) | −0.1 (−0.4 to 0.1) | .24 |
| Mean daily step count g | ||||
|
|
Website Only | 10,987 (10,920 to 11,055) | Reference category | N/A |
|
|
App Only | 10,785 (10,612 to 10,958) | −201.9 (−387.7 to −116.0) | .03 |
|
|
Fitbit Only | 10,494 (10,320 to 10,669) | −492.9 (−679.9 to −305.8) | <.001 |
|
|
Web and App | 11,245 (11,077 to 11,413) | 258.0 (76.9 to 439.2) | .005 |
|
|
Fitbit Combination | 10,996 (10,826 to 11,166) | 9.1 (−174.1 to 192.3) | .92 |
| Number of step log entriese | ||||
|
|
Website Only | 32.3 (31.9 to 32.7) | Reference category | N/A |
|
|
App Only | 33.5 (32.3 to 34.6) | 1.2 (−0.1 to 2.4) | .07 |
|
|
Fitbit Only | 37.3 (35.8 to 38.8) | 5.0 (3.4 to 6.6) | <.001 |
|
|
Web and App | 39.5 (38.2 to 40.8) | 7.2 (5.9 to 8.6) | <.001 |
|
|
Fitbit Combination | 47.9 (46.1 to 49.7) | 15.6 (13.7 to 17.5) | <.001 |
aBetween user groups; Website Only group: n=14,617; App Only group: n=2100; Fitbit Only group: n=1705; Web and App group: n=2057; Fitbit and web and/or app group: n=1663.
bWebsite usage: website usage engagement may not have occurred on consecutive days.
cα=.05.
dSession: using the website to interact with content. For example, viewing step statistics and joining a Challenge.
eModel based on generalized linear regression using negative binomial family and identity link, which was adjusted for Challenge and Tournament counts.
fN/A: not applicable.
gModel based on generalized linear regression using Poisson family and identity link, which was adjusted for Challenge and Tournament counts.