TABLE 5.

Joint associations of enterolactone and TMAO concentrations with CAD risk in pooled population (n = 1216)¹

	Low enterolactone high TMAO	Low enterolactone low TMAO	High enterolactone high TMAO	High enterolactone low TMAO
Case/total	169/310	176/339	168/331	95/236
Model 12	1.00	0.87 (0.64, 1.19)	0.81 (0.58, 1.13)	0.54 (0.38, 0.77)*
Model 23	1.00	0.93 (0.67, 1.30)	0.90 (0.62, 1.29)	0.60 (0.40, 0.90)*
Model 34	1.00	0.96 (0.68, 1.36)	0.92 (0.63, 1.33)	0.61 (0.40, 0.92)*
Model 45	1.00	0.99 (0.69, 1.42)	0.91 (0.61, 1.35)	0.58 (0.38, 0.90)*

¹High TMAO or enterolactone was defined as the concentrations above the median levels among the controls. ORs (95% CIs) were calculated by conditional logistic regression analysis. *P < 0.05, compared with the first group. Abbreviations: CAD, coronary artery disease; CRP, C-reactive protein; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HPFS, Health Professionals Follow-Up Study; MET, metabolic equivalents; MI, myocardial infarction; mycNHSII, Nurses’ Health Study II; TMAO, trimethylamine-N-oxide.

²Model 1, conditioned on matching factors, including age at blood sample collection (years), sex (male, female), month of sample collection, fasting status at time of collection, and smoking status (never, former, or current).

³Model 2, further adjusted for alcohol intake (0, 0.1–4.9, 5.0–14.9, ≥15.0 g/d), physical activity (METs-h/week), BMI (≤24.9, 25.0–29.9, ≥30.0 kg/m²), family history of MI (yes, or no), aspirin use (yes, no), and presence of diabetes, hypertension, or hypercholesterolemia (yes, no).

⁴Model 3, further adjusted for intake of fruits, vegetables, red meats, fish, egg, whole grains, fiber, nut, coffee, and ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat (all as continuous).

⁵Model 4, further adjusted for LDL and HDL cholesterol, triglyceride, CRP, and HbA1C (all as continuous).