TABLE 3.
HRs for risk of dementia or difference in the 3MSE at baseline and 95% CIs per 0.1% higher concentrations of trans phospholipid fatty acids and a concomitant 0.1% lower concentration of linoleic acid at screening visit in 1252 participants of the Ginkgo Evaluation of Memory case-cohort1
| HR (95% CI) per 0.1% replacement2 | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Dementia | AD | Difference (95% CI) in 3MSE per 0.1% replacement2 | |
| Sum of trans fatty acids | 1.02 (0.99, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | −0.02 (−0.06, 0.02) |
| Myristelaidic acid (14:1n–5t) | 0.99 (0.90, 1.08) | 0.95 (0.85, 1.07) | 0.12 (−0.01, 0.25) |
| Palmitelaidic acid (16:1n–7t) | 0.84 (0.70, 1.00) | 0.76 (0.62, 0.93) | 0.18 (−0.04, 0.40) |
| Petroselaidic acid (18:1n–12t) | 1.09 (0.89, 1.33) | 1.13 (0.89, 1.43) | 0.04 (−0.25, 0.33) |
| Elaidic acid (18:1n–9t) | 1.05 (0.89, 1.24) | 1.00 (0.83, 1.22) | 0.19 (−0.05, 0.43) |
| trans-Vaccenic acid (18:1n–7t) | 1.05 (0.96, 1.14) | 1.05 (0.95, 1.17) | −0.23 (−0.36, -0.10) |
| trans-Linoelaidic acid | |||
| 18:2n–6t | 0.83 (0.61, 1.13) | 0.74 (0.51, 1.06) | −0.25 (−0.55, 0.05) |
| 18:2n–6ct | 1.19 (0.93, 1.53) | 1.25 (0.98, 1.59) | 0.03 (−0.37, 0.42) |
| 18:2n–6tc | 0.83 (0.67, 1.02) | 0.79 (0.63, 1.00) | 0.06 (−0.25, 0.37) |
| trans-Gondoic acid | 1.02 (0.69, 1.51) | 1.10 (0.70, 1.73) | 0.21 (−0.35, 0.76) |
| Rumenic acid (18:2n–7ct) | 1.11 (0.95, 1.29) | 1.12 (0.94, 1.34) | −0.17 (−0.38, 0.04) |
HRs were obtained from weighted Cox proportional hazard regression models and differences in the cognitive scores were obtained from weighted linear regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, clinic site, fasting status, education, weekly number of alcoholic drinks, smoking status, BMI, lipid-lowering medication use, history of cardiovascular disease, history of diabetes, Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale, treatment group assignment, and apolipoprotein E genotype. Fatty acids are expressed as a percentage of total plasma phospholipid fatty acids. AD, Alzheimer disease; 3MSE, Modified Mini-Mental State score.
Replacement for linoleic acid (individual trans fatty acids, the sum of SFAs, the sum of MUFAs, the sum of PUFAs except for linoleic acid, and the sum of other fatty acids were included simultaneously).