(a) Penetration (%) versus time (h) over a 12 h duration for a new commercial N95 FR (black unfilled circles), intentionally discharged and then CDT recharged N95 FR (black solid circles), a new commercial SM (black unfilled squares) and a post-CDT SM (black solid squares). The NIOSH-mandated N95 standard’s penetration value is shown as a solid red line at the 5% mark.(b) Penetration (%) versus time (hours) for knitted cloth FMs pre- (open symbols) and post-CDT (filled symbols): cellulose (black circles), polyester (blue squares), nylon (red diamonds), PET (green upright triangles) and PPS (purple inverted triangles). Data for this figure are available at [56]. (Online version in colour.)