Table 2.
Results of functional fitness in three physical examinations
| Categories | Physical examination | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First (N = 162) | Second (N = 137) | Third (N = 125) | ||
| Muscle strength test | ||||
| 30-s arm curl test, n | 17.0 (14.0, 20.0) | 20.0 (17.0, 23.0) | 23.0 (19.0, 26.0) | < 0.001* |
| 30-s chair stand, n | 15.0 (13.0, 17.0) | 17.0 (15.0, 19.0) | 17.0 (15.0, 20.0) | < 0.001* |
| Flexibility test | ||||
| Back scratch test (left) | 0.3 (− 8.0, 3.0) | 0.00 (− 8.4, 3.2) | − 1.1 (− 8.0, 2.3) | 0.59 |
| Back scratch test (right) | 2.3 (− 2.4, 5.0) | 1.7 (− 0.8, 6.0) | 2.1 (1.7, 4.7) | 0.85 |
| Modified trunk rotation (°) | 34.7 (28.5, 39.6) | 44.2 (36.5, 52.0) | 42.2 (34.6, 47.4) | < 0.001* |
| Chair sit-and-reach test, cm | 1.2 (− 4.0, 7.6) | 3.0 (− 2.6, 9.3) | 2.1 (− 3.8, 7.8) | 0.53 |
| Agility/dynamic balance | ||||
| Left leg stance with eyes open | 60.0 (60.0, 60.0) | 60.0 (60.0, 60.0) | 60.0 (60.0, 60.0) | < 0.001* |
| Right leg stance with eyes open | 60.0 (60.0, 60.0) | 60.0 (60.0, 60.0) | 60.0 (60.0, 60.0) | < 0.001* |
| Left leg stance with eyes closed | 6.1 (1.0, 16.0) | 11.0 (5.5, 24.2) | 13.6 (6.0, 28.7) | < 0.001* |
| Right leg stance with eyes closed | 8.6 (3.0, 18.1) | 14.0 (6.0, 26.0) | 13.0 (6.0, 20.0) | < 0.001* |
| Functional reach test, cm | 27.8 (6.8, 31.2) | 27.7 (24.0, 32.5) | 29.6 (24.6, 32.3) | < 0.001* |
Data are median (IQR). The comparison of scores in functional fitness test in the first, second, and third physical examination was performed with Kruskal-Wallis test. *P <0.05