Extended Data Fig. 2. Plasma activity.

a–h, ELISA results for plasma against SARS-CoV-2 RBD 12 months after infection (n = 63). Non-vaccinated individuals are depicted with black circles and lines, and vaccinated individuals are depicted in blue throughout. Two outlier individuals who received their first dose of vaccine 24–48 h before sample collection is depicted as purple circles. a–n, IgM (a–d) IgG (e–g) and IgA (h–k) antibody binding to SARS-CoV-2 RBD and IgG binding to N (l–n) 12 months after infection. a, e, h, i, ELISA curves from non-vaccinated (black lines) individuals, as well as individuals who received one or two doses (blue lines) of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine (left panels). Area under the curve (AUC) over time in non-vaccinated (b, f, i, m) and vaccinated individuals (c, g, j, n). Lines connect longitudinal samples. d, k, Boxplots showing AUC values of all 63 individuals, as indicated. o, ranked average NT₅₀ at 1.3 months (light grey) and 6.2 months (dark grey), as well as at 12 months for non-vaccinated (orange) individuals, and individuals who received one or two doses (blue circles) of a COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, respectively. Two individuals who received their first dose of vaccine 24–48 h before sample collection is depicted in purple. p–r, Correlation of serological parameters in non-vaccinated (black circles and black statistics) and vaccinated (blue circles and blue statistics) individuals. Two individuals who received their first dose of vaccine 24-48 h before sample collection is depicted as purple circles. Correlation of 12-month titers of anti- RBD IgG and NT₅₀ (p), anti-RBD IgG and N IgG (q), and anti-N IgG and NT₅₀ (r). s, Plasma neutralizing activity against authentic virus isolates WA1/2020 and B.1.351, as indicated (n = 6). Statistical significance was determined using two-sided Friedman test with subsequent Dunn’s multiple comparisons (b, c, f, g, i, j, m, n), or two-sided Kruskal–Wallis test with subsequent Dunn’s multiple comparisons (d, k) or using the Spearman correlation test for the non-vaccinated and vaccinated subgroups independently (p–r) or using two-tailed Mann–Whitney test (s). Red numbers indicate the geometric mean NT₅₀ at the indicated time point. All experiments were performed at least in duplicate.