Table 1.

Literature review for risk of obesity in LGA at birth

Study (year)	Study population	Age affected	Research method	Result
Eriksson et al. (2001)24	3,847	Adulthood	Cohort study	Incidence of adult obesity increased with increasing birth weight and ponderal index (birthweight/ length [birth weight/length3]; P = 0.01 and P = 0.04, respectively). The associations were statistically significant only among males.
Gunnarsdottir et al. (2004)25	1,874	Adulthood	Cohort study	Birth weight was positively associated with adult BMI in both genders. However, high birth weight was not a risk factor for adult obesity (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2).
Johannsson et al. (2006)26	934	Childhood	Cohort study	Children that weighed above the 85th percentile at birth were more likely than other children to be overweight at the age of 6 years (OR, 1.8), 9 years (OR, 2.1), and 15 years (OR, 2.0).
Gu et al. (2012)27	5,837	Childhood	Cohort study	Macrosomia infants had a 1.52-fold and 1.50-fold risk, respectively, of being overweight or obese at the age of 7 years (P = 0.001 and P = 0.000, respectively).
Schellong et al. (2012)28	643,902	1–75 yr	Systemic review	High birth weight ( > 4,000 g) was associated with increased risk of overweight (OR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.55–1.77).
Eriksen et al. (2015)23	348,800	Young adulthood	Cohort study	A positive association existed between birth weight and odds of overweight in young Norwegian males born at term.
Kaul et al. (2019)29	81,226	Early childhood	Cohort study	LGA is a stronger marker for risk of overweight/obesity in early childhood compared with maternal diabetes during pregnancy. Rate of overweight/obesity in childhood was highest in LGA children born to mothers with gestational diabetes or pre-existing type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Derraik et al. (2020)30	195,936	Adulthood	Cohort study	Swedish females born LGA based on weight or ponderal index had increased risk of obesity in adulthood, irrespective of birth length.

LGA, large for gestational age; BMI, body mass index; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.