Table 1.
Participants’ demographic, physical, and metabolic characteristics
| Variable | Clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ab– (n= 32) | Ab+ (n= 15) | ||
| Age (yr) | 15.03 ± 0.3 | 14.33 ± 0.62 | NS |
| Sex (male:female) | 16:16 | 5:10 | NS |
| Ethnicity (AA:AW) | 17:15 | 5:10 | NS |
| Tanner stage (II:III:IV:V) | 2:1:9:20 | 2:1:2:10 | NS |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 36.7 ± 0.9 | 30.5 ± 1.3 | < 0.001 |
| HbA1c (%) | 6.6 ± 0.1 | 6.4 ± 0.3 | NS |
| Fat mass (kg) | 41.3 ± 1.9 | 32.9 ± 2.9 | 0.016 |
| Percent body fat | 42.3 ± 1.2 | 40.0 ± 2.1 | NS |
| Diabetes duration (mo) | 7.5 ± 1.7 | 5.7 ± 1.1 | NS |
| Treatment modality | NS | ||
| Lifestyle | 6 (19) | 2 (13) | |
| Insulin | 4 (12) | 3 (20) | |
| Metformin | 15 (47) | 2 (13) | |
| Metformin and insulin | 7 (22) | 8 (54) | |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dL) | 113.9 ± 4.6 | 129.3 ± 10.9 | NS |
| OGTT 2-hour glucose (mg/dL) | 197.9 ± 9.7 | 299.1 ± 21.0 | < 0.001 |
| Fasting C-peptide (ng/mL) | 4.2 ± 0.3 | 2.2 ± 0.3 | < 0.001 |
| OGTT 2-hour C-peptide (ng/mL) | 10.7 ± 0.6 | 4.8 ± 0.6 | < 0.001 |
| Hyperglycemic clamp parameter | |||
| 1st-phase insulin (µU/mL) | 123.5 ± 26.6 | 34.5 ± 4.6 | 0.002 |
| 2nd-phase insulin (µU/mL) | 168.8 ± 23.9 | 45.8 ± 7.4 | < 0.001 |
| Hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp parameter | |||
| Peripheral IS (mg/kg/min per µU/mL) | 1.5 ± 0.2 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | < 0.001 |
Values are presented as mean± standard error of the mean or number (%).
NS, not significant; AA, African American; AW, American White; BMI, body mass index; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test; IS, insulin sensitivity.