Table 5.

Types of bariatric surgery

	Type of surgery
	Adjustable gastric banding	Sleeve gastrectomy	Roux-en-Y gastric bypass	Biliopancreatic diversion/Duodenal switch
Schematic diagram
History (yr)	30	10-15	50 (Most historical)	20
Surgical technique	Placement of an adjustable band to retain a small amount of gastric reservoir (15~20 mL)	Longitudinal resection of the stomach to achieve about 80% of gastric volume reduction	Creation of small gastric pouch (about 30 mL) with diversion of digestive pathway (bypassing the residual stomach and upper gastro-intestinal tract)	Sleeve gastrectomy with duodenal-ileal anastomosis (bypassing the entire jejunum and proximal part of ileum)
Mechanism of weight loss	Intake restriction	Intake restriction	Intake restriction (+ absorption restriction)	Intake restriction + absorption restriction
Reversibility	Reversible	Irreversible	Partially reversible	Partially reversible
Effect of weight loss (mid- to long-term %EWL*)	2 yr: 50% 10 yr: 40%	2 yr: 60% 10 yr: 50%-55%†	2 yr: 70% 10 yr: 60%	2 yr: 70%-80% 10 yr: 70%
Advantages and disadvantages, Complications	The frequency of implementation is decreasing because of relatively high incidence of visceral complications related to foreign material (30%–40% of band removal or revisional surgery is required within 10 years).	Occurrence or deterioration of gastro-esophageal reflux after surgery Relatively high incidence of weight regain at long-term follow-up	Difficulties in endoscopic screening of the bypassed stomach Risk of dumping syndrome and marginal ulcer Regular checkup and appropriate supplementation is required for prevention of trace element deficiency	Depletion of protein and trace elements occurs frequently Life-long supplementation of deficient nutrients is needed

*Percentage of EWL: the rate of loss of excess weight based on body mass index of 25 kg/m²; ^†Long-term follow-up data for more than 10 years is not yet sufficient.

EWL, excess weight loss.