Table 2:
Post-diagnostic consumption levels of sugar-sweetened and artificially sweetened beverages in relation to mortality after breast cancer diagnosis (n=8,863) in the Nurses’ Health Study and Nurses’ Health Study II.
| Consumption Levels | Ptrend | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No consumption | >0 to 1 serving/week | >1 to 3 servings/week | >3 servings/week | ||
| Sugar-Sweetened Beverages | |||||
| Breast cancer-specific mortality | |||||
| No. of deaths | 358 | 306 | 185 | 201 | |
| Person-year | 35,936 | 31,541 | 17,002 | 16,622 | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.88 (0.76–1.03) | 0.99 (0.83–1.18) | 1.17 (0.98–1.39) | 0.01 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.07 (0.92–1.26) | 1.31 (1.09–1.58) | 1.35 (1.12–1.62) | 0.001 |
| Model 2+ modified AHEI | 1 | 1.07 (0.92–1.26) | 1.30 (1.08–1.57) | 1.34 (1.11–1.62) | 0.002 |
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| No. of deaths | 809 | 781 | 440 | 452 | |
| Person-year | 35,936 | 31,541 | 17,002 | 16,622 | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 1.07 (0.96–1.18) | 1.13 (1.00–1.26) | 1.32 (1.17–1.48) | <0.0001 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.09 (0.99–1.21) | 1.21 (1.07–1.37) | 1.28 (1.13–1.45) | 0.0001 |
| Model 2+ modified AHEI | 1 | 1.07 (0.97–1.19) | 1.17 (1.04–1.32) | 1.22 (1.07–1.38) | 0.003 |
| Artificially Sweetened Beverages | |||||
| Breast cancer-specific mortality | |||||
| No. of deaths | 394 | 208 | 117 | 331 | |
| Person-year | 34,354 | 19,709 | 15,066 | 31,971 | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.85 (0.72–1.01) | 0.63 (0.51–0.77) | 0.90 (0.77–1.04) | 0.61 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 0.97 (0.82–1.15) | 0.82 (0.66–1.01) | 1.02 (0.87–1.19) | 0.58 |
| Model 2+ modified AHEI | 1 | 0.97 (0.82–1.16) | 0.81 (0.66–1.01) | 1.01 (0.86–1.18) | 0.68 |
| All-cause mortality | |||||
| No. of deaths | 905 | 526 | 340 | 711 | |
| Person-year | 34,354 | 19,709 | 15,066 | 31,971 | |
| Model 1 | 1 | 0.98 (0.88–1.09) | 0.87 (0.77–0.99) | 1.05 (0.95–1.16) | 0.19 |
| Model 2 | 1 | 1.04 (0.93–1.16) | 0.89 (0.79–1.02) | 1.08 (0.97–1.20) | 0.15 |
| Model 2+ modified AHEI | 1 | 1.04 (0.93–1.16) | 0.89 (0.78–1.02) | 1.06 (0.95–1.18) | 0.29 |
Note. Model 1 was stratified by cohort and adjusted for age at diagnosis (year) and calendar year of diagnosis.
Model 2 was stratified by cohort and adjusted for age at diagnosis (year), calendar year of diagnosis, time between diagnosis and first FFQ (year), calendar year at start of follow-up of each-2-year questionnaire cycle, pre-diagnostic BMI (<20, 20 to <22.5, 22.5 to <25, 25.0 to <30, 30 to <35, ≥35 kg/m2, missing), BMI change after diagnosis (no change (≥−0.5 to ≤0.5 kg/m2), decrease (<−0.5 kg/m2), increase (>0.5–2 kg/m2), increase (>2 kg/m2), missing), post-diagnostic smoking (never, past, current 1–14/day, current 15–24/day, current ≥25/day, missing), post-diagnostic physical activity (<5, 5 to <11.5, 11.5 to <22, ≥22 MET-h/week, missing), oral contraceptive use (ever, never), post-diagnostic alcohol consumption (<0.15, 0.15 to <2.0, 2.0 to <7.5, ≥7.5 g/day), post-diagnostic total energy intake (quintiles, kcal/day), pre-diagnostic menopausal status, age at menopause, and postmenopausal hormone use (premenopausal, postmenopausal and age at menopause<50 year and never postmenopausal hormone use, postmenopausal and age at menopause<50 year and past postmenopausal hormone use, postmenopausal and age at menopause<50 year and current postmenopausal hormone use, postmenopausal and age at menopause≥50 year and never postmenopausal hormone use, postmenopausal and age at menopause≥50 year and past postmenopausal hormone use, postmenopausal and age at menopause≥50 year and current postmenopausal hormone use, missing), post-diagnostic aspirin use (never, past, current, missing), race (non-Hispanic white, other), stage of disease (I, II, III), ER/PR status (ER/PR positive, ER positive and PR negative, ER/PR negative, missing), radiotherapy (yes, no, missing), chemotherapy (yes, no, missing), and hormonal treatment (yes, no, missing).