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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Nutr Educ Behav. 2021 Mar 3;53(7):619–624. doi: 10.1016/j.jneb.2021.02.001

Table 3.

Child and Parent Characteristics by Fruits and Vegetable Consumption as a Snack (n=119)

Characteristic Fruit and vegetable consumption as snacks
None (n=62) Any (n=57) P-value
n (%)
Child sex .94
 Female (n=58) 30 (48%) 28 (49%)
 Male (n=61) 32 (52%) 29 (51%)
Child Race/Ethnicity .46
 Non-white (n=71) a 35 (56%) 36 (63%)
 White (n=48)b 27 (44%) 21 (37%)
Parent Race/Ethnicity .19
 Non-white (n=47) a 21 (34%) 26 (46%)
 White (n=72)b 41 (66%) 31 (54%)
Receipt of Public Assistance .69
 No (n=52) 26 (42%) 26 (46%)
 Yes (n=67) 36 (58%) 31 (54%)
Mean (SD)
Child age 9.3 (0.8) 9.3 (1.0) .99
Parent age 38.3 (7.1) 40.9 (7.0) .04
Child BMIc z-score 1.7 (0.6) 1.5 (0.7) .24
Child BMIc percentile 92.4 (9.3) 89.6 (10.2) .13
Parent supportd 6.6 (2.9) 7.7 (2.4) .03

Footnotes.

a:

Non-white included Hispanic or Latino/Latina, Black/African American, Asian, American Indian/Alaskan Native, more than one race and other.

b:

White refers to non-Hispanic white.

c:

BMI = Body Mass Index

d:

Parent support was measured by summing responses (0–2) to six items on the child survey that addressed children’s FV consumption as a snack. The response ranges from 0 to 12, with a higher score indicating higher parental support of their child’s FV consumption as a snack.

Chi-square (χ2) tests of independence were used for child sex, race/ethnicity, and receipt of public assistance and t-tests were used for age, BMI z-score, BMI percentile and parent support.