Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2021 Apr 19;24(4):337–350. doi: 10.1177/10935266211008444

Figure 1.

Figure 1.

Associations between combinations of placental pathology and small for gestational age (SGA) infant. Each type of pathology (AI, CI, FVM, MVM) is represented by a color (orange for AI, blue for CI, green for FVM and red for MVM) and associations (odds ratios and confidence intervals) between individual types of pathology and SGA infant are represented by solid color rectangles and color-corresponding dashed lines. Combinations of pathology are represented by multi-colored rectangles. To determine if a combination of pathology has increased or decreased odds of SGA infant as compared to an individual type of pathology, compare one of the multi-colored rectangles to either of the color-corresponding dashed lines. If the confidence interval does not intersect the dashed line, then the combination of pathologies is statistically significantly different from the individual pathology alone. Both MVM and FVM are associated with statistically significantly increased odds of an SGA infant while CI and AI are not. MVM alone has the highest odds of SGA infant when compared with any other individual pathologic categories. Combinations of FVM and CI or both FMV and CI with MVM statistically increase the odds of SGA infant over MVM alone while MVM paired with AI does not. The combination of FVM and CI has statically significantly increased odd of SGA infant over either pathology alone. Abbreviations: AI – acute inflammation; CI – chronic inflammation; FVM – fetal vascular malperfusion; MVM – maternal vascular malperfusion.