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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Horm Behav. 2021 Jun 23;133:105008. doi: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2021.105008

Fig. 2. HIV-1 and morphine decreased aggressive, while morphine decreased non-aggressive interactions in the resident-intruder test.

Fig. 2.

Tat(+) and Tat(−) mice were fed DOX chow for 8 weeks and administered escalated morphine (10 – 40 mg/kg, s.c., b.i.d.) for 2 weeks before being tested in aggressive measures of reciprocal social interaction. Tat and morphine did not affect dominance in the social dominance tube test (A), but exposure to both decreased total time spent interacting with the unfamiliar mouse in the resident-intruder test (B). Tat and morphine did not alter the latency to interact non-aggressively with the unfamiliar mouse in the test mouse’s home cage (C), but morphine decreased the percentage of time spent interacting non-aggressively (D). Tat and morphine also did not alter the latency of the test mouse to interact aggressively with the novel mouse (E), but both Tat and morphine decreased the percentage of time the test mouse interacted aggressively (F). Data are presented as mean ± SEM; n = 9-10 mice per group. Main effect of Tat, *p < 0.05 vs Tat(−) mice. Main effect of morphine, #p < 0.05 vs saline treated mice.