Fig. 1. Comparison of different methods to bridge PS and catalyst for CO₂ reduction.

The blue region displays the examples of covalent linkages between PS and catalyst from Ishitani et al.^20,22 and Satake et al.²⁴. The green region displays the example of hydrogen bonding between PS and catalyst from Kubiak et al.³⁵. The red region introduces the coordinative interaction applied in this work, showing the used molecules and the merits of coordinative interaction.